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跟我一起写 Python 
笔者：瑞奇 
目录 
跟我一起写 Python ...................................................................................................................................... 1 
前言 .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 
进入 Python 的世界 .................................................................................................................................. 4 
1 Python 简介 ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 
2 环境搭建 .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 
2.1  安装 Python ............................................................................................................................................... 4 
2.2  安装 IDE ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 
3 Python 之禅 ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 
Python 入门 ............................................................................................................................................... 8 
1 Python 基础 ........................................................................................................................................................ 8 
2  最基本的 IO——输入与输出 ....................................................................................................................... 8 
2.1 Say Hello World ......................................................................................................................................... 9 
2.2 Input into Computer ................................................................................................................................ 9 
3 基本数据类型 .................................................................................................................................................. 11 
3.1 动态语言 ................................................................................................................................................... 11 
3.2 布尔值 ........................................................................................................................................................ 11 
3.3 字符串 ........................................................................................................................................................ 12 
3.3.1 字符串的简单处理 ...............................................................................................................................................12 
3.3.2 字符编码 .................................................................................................................................................................12 
3.3.3 Python 字符串的编码.........................................................................................................................................14 
3.3.4 字符串格式化 ........................................................................................................................................................15 
4  认识新朋友 ...................................................................................................................................................... 16 
4.1 list ................................................................................................................................................................ 16 
4.2 tuple ........................................................................................................................................................... 17 
4.3 dict .............................................................................................................................................................. 18 
4.4 set ................................................................................................................................................................ 19 
4.5 再议不可变对象 ..................................................................................................................................... 20 
5  他乡遇故知 ...................................................................................................................................................... 20 
5.1  条件判断 .................................................................................................................................................. 20 
5.2  循环 ........................................................................................................................................................... 21 
学会优雅 ................................................................................................................................................... 23 
1  函数.................................................................................................................................................................... 23 
1.1  定义函数 .................................................................................................................................................. 23 
1.2  函数的参数 ............................................................................................................................................. 24 
1.2.1 位置参数 .................................................................................................................................................................24 


 
1.2.2 默认参数 .................................................................................................................................................................24 
1.2.3 可变参数 .................................................................................................................................................................25 
1.2.4 关键词参数 .............................................................................................................................................................26 
1.2.4 命名关键词参数 ...................................................................................................................................................26 
1.2.5 参数组合 .................................................................................................................................................................27 
2  高级特性 .......................................................................................................................................................... 28 
2.1 切片 ............................................................................................................................................................ 28 
2.2 迭代 ............................................................................................................................................................ 28 
2.3 列表生成器 .............................................................................................................................................. 30 
2.4 生成器 ........................................................................................................................................................ 31 
2.5 迭代器 ........................................................................................................................................................ 35 
3 函数式编程 ....................................................................................................................................................... 37 
3.1 高阶函数 ................................................................................................................................................... 37 
3.1.1 map/reduce ...........................................................................................................................................................37 
3.1.2 filter ...........................................................................................................................................................................41 
3.1.2 sorted .......................................................................................................................................................................44 
3.2 闭包 ............................................................................................................................................................ 45 
3.2.1 返回函数 .................................................................................................................................................................45 
3.2.2 nonlocal ...................................................................................................................................................................47 
3.3 匿名函数 ................................................................................................................................................... 47 
3.4 装饰器 ........................................................................................................................................................ 48 
3.5 偏函数 ........................................................................................................................................................ 50 
4 模块 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 51 
4.1 使用模块 ................................................................................................................................................... 51 
4.2 作用域 ........................................................................................................................................................ 52 
4.3 站在巨人的肩膀上 ................................................................................................................................. 53 
4.4 包 ................................................................................................................................................................. 54 
OOP 面对对象编程 ............................................................................................................................... 55 
1 类和实例 ........................................................................................................................................................... 56 
2 数据封装 ........................................................................................................................................................... 57 
2.1 类的属性 ................................................................................................................................................... 57 
2.2 访问限制 ................................................................................................................................................... 57 
3 继承与多态 ....................................................................................................................................................... 58 
3.1 子承父业 ................................................................................................................................................... 58 
3.2 多态 ............................................................................................................................................................ 60 
3.2.1 从继承走向多态 ...................................................................................................................................................60 
3.2.2 静态语言  vs  动态语言 ......................................................................................................................................61 
4 获取对象信息 .................................................................................................................................................. 62 
5  实例属性和类属性 ........................................................................................................................................ 65 
6 使用__slots__ .................................................................................................................................................... 67 
6 使用@property ............................................................................................................................................... 68 
7 多重继承 ........................................................................................................................................................... 70 
8 定制类 ................................................................................................................................................................ 71 
8.1    __str__...................................................................................................................................................... 71 


 
8.2    __repr__ .................................................................................................................................................. 71 
8.3    __iter__ .................................................................................................................................................... 72 
8.4    __getitem__ ........................................................................................................................................... 73 
8.4    __getattr__ ............................................................................................................................................. 74 
8.5    __call__ .................................................................................................................................................... 76 
9 枚举类 ................................................................................................................................................................ 78 
10 元类 .................................................................................................................................................................. 79 
10.1 type() ........................................................................................................................................................ 79 
10.2 metaclass ................................................................................................................................................ 80 
 知错才能改 ............................................................................................................................................. 81 
1 错误处理 ........................................................................................................................................................... 81 
1.1 try ................................................................................................................................................................ 81 
1.2 调用栈 ........................................................................................................................................................ 83 
1.3 记录错误 ................................................................................................................................................... 84 
1.4 抛出错误 ................................................................................................................................................... 84 
2  调试.................................................................................................................................................................... 85 
2.1 logging ...................................................................................................................................................... 85 
2.2 IDE ............................................................................................................................................................... 86 
 
             
   