.net6基于jwt鉴权demo（最简单的demo）资源-CSDN文库

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.NET 6是一个高性能、开源的跨平台框架，用于构建现代云应用。在这个`.NET6 基于jwt鉴权demo`中，我们将探讨如何在.NET 6 Web应用程序中实现基于JSON Web Token (JWT)的身份验证机制。JWT是一种轻量级的安全身份验证标准，广泛应用于API授权，因为它可以有效地在客户端和服务器之间传输安全信息。我们需要理解JWT的基本原理。JWT由三部分组成：头部（Header）、载荷（Payload）和签名（Signature）。头部通常包含令牌的类型（JWT）和使用的算法（如HS256）。载荷则携带用户信息，如ID、角色等，这些信息经过编码但不加密，因此是可读的。签名通过将编码后的头部和载荷与一个密钥一起哈希，用于验证令牌的完整性和来源。在.NET 6中实现JWT鉴权，我们需要以下步骤： 1. **安装依赖库**：使用NuGet安装`Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer`包，它提供了处理JWT的中间件。 2. **配置服务**：在`Startup.cs`文件的`ConfigureServices`方法中，注册JWT认证服务。这包括设置秘钥（SigningKey）、过期时间（TokenValidationParameters）等参数。 ```csharp services.AddAuthentication(x => { x.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme; x.DefaultChallengeScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme; }) .AddJwtBearer(options => { options.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters { ValidateIssuer = true, ValidateAudience = true, ValidateLifetime = true, ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true, ValidIssuer = Configuration["Jwt:Issuer"], ValidAudience = Configuration["Jwt:Audience"], IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Configuration["Jwt:Key"])) }; }); ``` 3. **生成JWT**：在登录接口中，验证用户凭据后，创建并返回JWT。使用`JwtSecurityToken`类和`JsonSecurityTokenSigningKey`生成令牌。 ```csharp var tokenDescriptor = new SecurityTokenDescriptor { Subject = new ClaimsIdentity(new Claim[] { new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, user.Name), // 其他自定义声明 }), Expires = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMinutes(30), SigningCredentials = new SigningCredentials(new SymmetricSecurityKey(key), SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256Signature) }; var tokenHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler(); var token = tokenHandler.CreateToken(tokenDescriptor); var jwt = tokenHandler.WriteToken(token); ``` 4. **保护路由**：在`Configure`方法中，使用`app.UseAuthentication()`和`app.UseAuthorization()`中间件来启用身份验证和授权。这样，只有携带有效JWT的请求才能访问受保护的API。 5. **授权控制器或行动**：在控制器或特定操作上添加`[Authorize]`特性，以限制只有经过身份验证的用户才能访问。 ```csharp [ApiController] [Route("api/[controller]")] [Authorize] public class ValuesController : ControllerBase { // ... } ``` 6. **客户端使用JWT**：客户端在请求头的`Authorization`字段中附带JWT（通常以`Bearer`开头）进行身份验证。服务器端的JWT中间件会自动处理这个过程。这个`.NET6 基于jwt鉴权demo`项目应该包含了一个简单的Web应用程序，展示了以上所有步骤。开发者可以通过运行项目，模拟登录过程，查看生成和验证JWT的实现细节。通过这种方式，开发者可以快速了解和实践在.NET 6环境中如何建立安全的API鉴权系统。

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WebApplication1.zip （82个子文件）

WebApplication1

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