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摘 要
随着远程通信技术与现代医疗信息技术的发展与结合,一种新型医疗服务方
式产生——远程医疗。在当今信息化的全面普及下,远程医疗技术因其可实现远
距离诊断与便捷高效的治疗特性得以广泛应用。然而,由于远程医疗系统中通信
带宽与存储空间的限制性,使得它无法满足与日俱增的医疗数据的存储与传输。
因此,对医疗图像进行压缩处理已是必然趋势。小波变换凭借其优良的时频局部
化性能以及多分辨率表征图像的特性,已然成为图像压缩领域的研究热点。本文
主要针对基于小波分析的医学图像压缩问题进行了重点研究,并且通过 MATLAB
平台实现了算法的仿真与分析,取得了一定的研究成果。
首先,阐述了课题研究的背景意义以及国内外图像压缩编码技术的发展历程,
继而阐述了医学图像压缩的相关知识,包括医学图像压缩的基本原理和压缩方法
的分类以及常用的图像压缩方法,并简要叙述了医学图像压缩质量的评价标准和
图像压缩的国际标准。
其次,对小波分析的相关理论进行简要概述,包括小波变换的基本概念及其
反变换存在的条件、多分辨率分析的思想以及 Mallat 算法分解与重构原理,并将
小波变换理论运用到实际图像压缩中,探讨了小波系数的特点和小波分解级数以
及信号延拓方式的问题。对基于小波变换的图像压缩编码思想进行深入学习,并
以基于小波变换的 EZW 算法和 SPIHT 算法为重点研究内容进行深度分析与探讨,
详细介绍了二者的编码原理与实现过程,分析了二者在编码过程中的不足,并针
对 EZW 算法中阈值过大问题及 SPIHT 算法中重复性扫描的问题分别提出了改进
方法,从而提高了编码效率。
最后,通过 MATLAB 实现对医学图像的压缩编码,实验证明,改进的算法较
原有的算法,在一定程度上提高了重构图像的 PSNR 值,并且有更好的图像复原
质量。
关键词:医学图像压缩;小波变换;EZW;SPIHT
Abstract
With the development and combination of long-distance communication
technology and modern medical information technology, a new type of medical service
method which called telemedicine emerges. With the comprehensive popularization of
informatization, telemedicine technology is widely used because of its convenient and
efficient features that can realize remote diagnosis and treatment. However, due to the
limitation of communication bandwidth and storage space in the telemedicine system, it
cannot satisfy the ever-increasing storage and transmission of medical data. Therefore, it
is an inevitable trend to compress medical images. Wavelet transform has become a
research hotspot in the field of image compression by virtue of its excellent
time-frequency localization performance and the characteristics of multi-resolution
characterization of images. This thesis mainly focuses on the medical image
compression based on wavelet analysis. It realizes the simulation and analysis of the
algorithm through MATLAB platform and has achieved certain research results.
Firstly, the background meaning of the subject research and the development
history of image compression coding technology at home and abroad are explained.
Then the relevant knowledge of medical image compression is explained, including the
basic principles of medical image compression, the classification of compression
methods and the commonly used image compression methods. It briefly describes the
evaluation standards of medical image compression quality and the international
standards of image compression.
Secondly, a brief overview of the relevant theories of wavelet analysis is explained,
including the basic concepts of wavelet transform as well as its inverse transformation
requirements, the idea of multi-resolution analysis and the principle of Mallat’s
decomposition and reconstruction. Then the theory of wavelet transform is applied to
actual images in compression, and the characteristics of wavelet coefficients, the
number of wavelet decomposition stages and the way of signal extension are discussed.
In-depth study of image compression coding ideas based on wavelet transform, and
in-depth analysis and discussion with the EZW algorithm and SPIHT algorithm based
on wavelet transform as the key research content, detailed introduction of the coding
principle and implementation process of the two, and analysis of the two In the coding
沈阳理工大学硕士学位论文
process, the problem of excessive threshold value in the EZW algorithm and the
problem of repetitive scanning in the SPIHT algorithm are proposed respectively to
improve the coding efficiency.
Finally, the compression coding of medical images is realized through MATLAB.
Experiments have proved that the improved algorithm improves the PSNR value of the
reconstructed image to a certain extent and has better image restoration quality than the
original algorithm.
Key words: Medical image compression; Wavelet transform; EZW; SPIHT
目 录
第 1 章 绪论 .................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 ............................................................................................... 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 ............................................................................................... 2
1.3 本文主要研究内容 ........................................................................................... 3
1.4 论文结论安排 ................................................................................................... 4
第 2 章 小波变换及其在医学图像压缩中的应用 ...................................................... 5
2.1 医学图像压缩原理以及压缩方法 ................................................................... 5
2.2 图像压缩编码的国际标准 ............................................................................. 10
2.3 医学图像质量评价准则 ................................................................................. 11
2.4 小波分析理论 ................................................................................................. 13
2.4.1 连续小波变换与离散小波变换 .......................................................... 13
2.4.2 多分辨率分析及 Mallat 算法 .............................................................. 15
2.5 小波变换在医学图像压缩中的应用 ............................................................. 22
2.5.1 小波分解层数 ...................................................................................... 22
2.5.2 边界延拓 .............................................................................................. 23
2.5.3 小波系数的特点 .................................................................................. 25
2.6 本章小结 ......................................................................................................... 27
第 3 章 基于改进嵌入式零树编码的医学图像压缩算法 ........................................ 28
3.1 EZW 算法原理 ................................................................................................. 28
3.1.1 零树表示 .............................................................................................. 28
3.1.2 系数类型 .............................................................................................. 29
3.1.3 EZW 基本思想 ...................................................................................... 29
3.2 EZW 算法实现 ................................................................................................. 30
3.3 EZW 算法的改进 ............................................................................................. 33
3.3.1 EZW 算法的分析 .................................................................................. 33
3.3.2 小波提升算法 ...................................................................................... 33
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