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"可穿戴心电监测系统的设计与实现" 本论文旨在设计和实现一个实时可穿戴的心电监测系统，以满足早期心律失常的检测和预防。该系统的设计基于BMD101生物信号传感器和STM32F103RCT6微处理器，能够实时采集和处理ECG信号，并将其无线传输到移动终端或存储在本地TF卡上。该系统具有低成本、小尺寸、易操作的特点，并且可以实现超过24小时的单次连续监测。在设计该系统时，我们首先对现有的便携式ECG监测设备进行了比较和选择，选择了合适的硬件和软件设计方案。在硬件方面，我们使用了BMD101生物信号传感器来采集ECG信号，并使用STM32F103RCT6微处理器来实时分析和处理ECG数据。为了抑制噪音干扰，我们在印刷电路板上设计了硬件电路滤波和模拟数字分离电路。同时，我们还使用了低功率蓝牙模块和FPC（Flexible Printed Circuit）技术来实现低成本和小尺寸的设计。在软件方面，我们使用了嵌入式软件编程来实现系统的控制和数据处理。我们设计了一个实时的ECG信号处理算法，以确保系统能够实时监测ECG信号，并将其无线传输到移动终端或存储在本地TF卡上。系统测试结果表明，该系统能够实时采集高质量的ECG信号，设备工作稳定，单次连续监测时间超过24小时。该系统具有低成本、小尺寸、易操作的特点，适合老年人和心脏病患者的日常监测和预防。 knowledge points: 1. 可穿戴心电监测系统的设计与实现 2. ECG信号采集和处理技术 3. STM32F103RCT6微处理器的应用 4. BMD101生物信号传感器的应用 5. 嵌入式软件编程技术 6. 低功率蓝牙模块设计 7. FPC（Flexible Printed Circuit）技术 8. 印刷电路板设计和制造 9. 实时ECG信号处理算法 10. 可穿戴设备的设计和实现 11. 老年人和心脏病患者的日常监测和预防 12. 心律失常的早期检测和预防本论文旨在设计和实现一个实时可穿戴的心电监测系统，以满足老年人和心脏病患者的日常监测和预防需求。该系统具有低成本、小尺寸、易操作的特点，并且可以实现超过24小时的单次连续监测。

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Abstract

With the increasing of population aging, cardiovascular disease has become a

disease with the highest incidence among urban and rural residents in China.

Cardiovascular disease is sporadic and has high mortality, so early detection and

effective treatment are essential to prevent the disease. Cardiovascular disease often

presents with symptoms of arrhythmia in the early stages of the disease. The

electrocardiogram can be used for early diagnosis of arrhythmia for patients and reflect

the cardiovascular health status of human body. At present, the 12-lead

electrocardiograph is the most commonly used method to obtain ECG in the hospital,

but the device is not wearable and cannot be monitored for a long time, which may

easily cause misdiagnosis. The existing portable ECG monitoring equipment is

uncomfortable, having problems such as without local storage function and short

continuous monitoring time.

This paper studies a real-time wearable ECG equipment through device

comparison and selection, circuit design and construction, and embedded software

programming. In terms of hardware, the ECG signal is acquired from the surface of

human skin by using the BMD101 biosignal sensor. The raw ECG data can be real-time

analyzed and processed by using the STM32F103RCT6 microprocessor. Noise

interference is suppressed by hardware circuit filtering and analog-digital separation

design on the printed circuit board. The ECG signals can be wirelessly transmitted to

mobile terminal or stored in the local TF card. The system test shows that the acquired

ECG signal is of high quality, the device works stably, and the single continuous

monitoring time exceeds 24 hours. It has the characteristics of low cost, small size and

easy operation.

This paper develops a set of low-power flexible wearable ECG monitor, which

adopts ultra-low-power Bluetooth and module design, so as to achieve continuous

monitoring for more than 48 hours. Based on the FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) and

silicone packaging technology, the device can be bent, and is comfortable to wear. A

series of measures have been considered in the hardware circuit to reduce noise

interference. However, due to factors such as the displacement between electrode patch

摘要 ................................................................................................................................. I

Abstract ............................................................................................................................ II

第

章引言

....................................................................................................................1

1.1 课题研究背景与意义 .............................................................................................1

1.2 国内外研究现状和发展趋势 .................................................................................2

1.2.1

单导联心电监测技术

......................................................................................2

1.2.2 低功耗无线蓝牙传输技术 ..............................................................................3

1.2.3 心电信号去噪声算法 ......................................................................................4

1.3

本文研究的主要内容

.............................................................................................4

第 2 章相关技术理论 ......................................................................................................6

2.1 心电信号生理学基础 .............................................................................................6

2.1.1

心电信号产生机理

..........................................................................................6

2.1.2 心电信号特征分析 ..........................................................................................7

2.2 电子技术基础 .........................................................................................................8

2.2.1

基于单导联构型的心电信号采集技术

..........................................................8

2.2.2 心电信号采集芯片 ..........................................................................................9

2.2.3 开关电源和线性稳压电源的选择 ................................................................10

2.2.4

蓝牙天线设计

................................................................................................10

2.2.5 柔性电子技术 ................................................................................................11

2.2.6 芯片 SON 封装技术 ......................................................................................12

2.3

本章小结

...............................................................................................................12

第 3 章可穿戴式心电监测系统设计 ............................................................................13

3.1 可穿戴式心电监测系统硬件设计总体方案 .......................................................13

3.2

硬件设计

...............................................................................................................13

3.2.1 心电信号调理电路设计 ................................................................................13

3.2.2 静电防护和低通滤波电路设计 ....................................................................14

3.2.3

电源管理模块设计

........................................................................................15

3.2.4 信息存储模块设计 ........................................................................................15

3.3 单片机嵌入式软件编程 .......................................................................................17

3.3.1 基于 STM32 单片机构建的软件系统架构 ..................................................17

3.3.2 心电数据编码 ................................................................................................18

3.4

本章小结

...............................................................................................................20

第 4 章低功耗柔性可穿戴式心电监测仪硬件设计 ....................................................21

4.1 低功耗柔性可穿戴式心电监测仪硬件设计总体方案 .......................................21

4.2

低功耗无线传输模块设计

...................................................................................21

4.3 电源设计 ...............................................................................................................23

4.4 自锁开关设计 .......................................................................................................25

4.4.1

自锁开关特点

................................................................................................25

4.4.2 自锁开关原理 ................................................................................................25

4.5 柔性封装设计 .......................................................................................................26

4.5.1

柔性

PCB

的设计

.......................................................................................... 26

4.5.2 外形封装材料对比及选择 ............................................................................27

4.6 本章小结 ...............................................................................................................28

第

章心电监测仪的实现与测试

................................................................................29

5.1 硬件测试 ...............................................................................................................29

5.1.1 电路实现 ........................................................................................................29

5.1.2

信息传输模块测试

........................................................................................30

5.1.3 心电监测仪续航能力测试 ............................................................................33

5.2 软件测试 ...............................................................................................................33

5.2.1

心电数据存储

................................................................................................33

5.2.2 嵌入式软件运行测试 ....................................................................................34

5.3 心电监测效果测试 ...............................................................................................35

5.3.1

医疗级心电信号模拟仪介绍

........................................................................35

5.3.2 测试平台展示 ................................................................................................35

5.3.3 本地存储心电信号回放测试 ........................................................................36

5.3.4

人体不同状态下心电信号采集效果测试

....................................................37

5.4 算法去噪声测试 ...................................................................................................40

5.4.1 巴特沃斯低通滤波器滤除肌电噪声 ............................................................41

5.4.2

带陷滤波器滤除工频干扰

............................................................................43

5.4.3 IIR 零相移数字滤波器滤除基线漂移 ......................................................... 46

5.5 本章小结 ...............................................................................................................47

第

章总结与展望

........................................................................................................48

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