GNU make中文手册.....................................................................................................................1
ver - 3.8.......................................................................................................................................1
第一章：概述...............................................................................................................................7
1.1 概述.................................................................................................................................7
1.2 准备知识..........................................................................................................................8
第二章 GNU make 介绍.............................................................................................................9
2 GNU make 介绍....................................................................................................................9
2.1 Makefile简介..................................................................................................................10
2.2 Makefile规则介绍...........................................................................................................11
2.3 简单的示例.....................................................................................................................12
2.4 make如何工作...............................................................................................................13
2.5 指定变量........................................................................................................................15
2.6 自动推导规则.................................................................................................................16
2.7 另类风格的makefile.......................................................................................................17
2.8 清除工作目录过程文件...................................................................................................18
第三章：Makefile 总述..............................................................................................................20
3 Makefile总述........................................................................................................................20
3.1 Makefile的内容...............................................................................................................20
3.2 makefile文件的命名.......................................................................................................21
3.3 包含其它makefile文件....................................................................................................22
3.4 变量 MAKEFILES..........................................................................................................24
3.5 变量 MAKEFILE_LIST..................................................................................................26
3.6 其他特殊变量.................................................................................................................26
3.7 makefile文件的重建.......................................................................................................27
3.8 重载另外一个makefile....................................................................................................28
3.9 make如何解析makefile文件...........................................................................................30
3.9.1 变量取值..................................................................................................................30
3.9.2 条件语句..................................................................................................................31
3.9.3 规则的定义...............................................................................................................31
3.10 总结...............................................................................................................................31
第四章：Makefile的规则............................................................................................................33
4 Makefile规则........................................................................................................................33
4.1 一个例子........................................................................................................................33
4.2 规则语法........................................................................................................................34
4.3 依赖的类型.....................................................................................................................35
4.4 文件名使用通配符..........................................................................................................36
4.4.1 统配符使用举例........................................................................................................37
4.4.2 通配符存在的缺陷....................................................................................................38
4.4.3 函数wildcard............................................................................................................38
4.5 目录搜寻........................................................................................................................39
4.5.1 一般搜索（变量VPATH）........................................................................................39
4.5.2 选择性搜索（关键字vpath）....................................................................................40
4.5.3 目录搜索的机制........................................................................................................41
4.5.4 命令行和搜索目录....................................................................................................44
4.5.5 隐含规则和搜索目录.................................................................................................44
4.5.6 库文件和搜索目录....................................................................................................45
4.6 Makefile伪目标...............................................................................................................46
4.7 强制目标（没有命令或依赖的规则）.............................................................................50
4.8 空目标文件.....................................................................................................................50
4.9 Makefile的特殊目标.......................................................................................................51
4.10 多目标............................................................................................................................54
4.11 多规则目标.....................................................................................................................55
4.12 静态模式........................................................................................................................56
4.12.1 静态模式规则的语法.......................................................................................56
4.12.2 静态模式和隐含规则.......................................................................................58
4.13 双冒号规则.....................................................................................................................59
4.14 自动产生依赖.................................................................................................................60
第五章：规则的命令..................................................................................................................63
5 为规则书写命令...................................................................................................................63
5.1 命令回显........................................................................................................................63
5.2 命令的执行.....................................................................................................................64
5.3 并发执行命令.................................................................................................................65
5.4 命令执行的错误..............................................................................................................67
5.5 中断make的执行............................................................................................................68
5.6 make的递归执行............................................................................................................69
5.6.1 变量MAKE...............................................................................................................70
5.6.2 变量和递归...............................................................................................................71
5.6.3 命令行选项和递归....................................................................................................75
5.6.4 -w选项......................................................................................................................77
5.7 定义命令包.....................................................................................................................78
5.8 空命令............................................................................................................................80
第六章：Makefile中的变量.........................................................................................................81
6 使用变量..............................................................................................................................81
6.1 变量的引用.....................................................................................................................82
6.2 两种变量定义（赋值）...................................................................................................83
6.2.1 递归展开式变量........................................................................................................83
6.2.2 直接展开式变量........................................................................................................85
6.2.3 定义一个空格...........................................................................................................86
6.2.4 “?=”操作符.............................................................................................................87
6.3 变量的高级用法..............................................................................................................88
6.3.1 变量的替换引用........................................................................................................88
6.3.2 变量的套嵌引用........................................................................................................88
6.4 变量取值........................................................................................................................92
6.5 如何设置变量.................................................................................................................93
6.6 追加变量值.....................................................................................................................94
6.7 override 指示符.............................................................................................................96
6.8 多行定义........................................................................................................................98
6.9 系统环境变量.................................................................................................................99
6.10 目标指定变量...............................................................................................................101
6.11 模式指定变量...............................................................................................................103
第七章：Makefile的条件执行...................................................................................................104
7 Makefile的条件判断...........................................................................................................104
7.1 一个例子......................................................................................................................104
7.2 条件判断的基本语法....................................................................................................105
7.3 标记测试的条件语句....................................................................................................108
第八章：make的内嵌函数........................................................................................................109
8 make的函数.......................................................................................................................109
8.1 函数的调用语法............................................................................................................109
8.2 文本处理函数...............................................................................................................110
8.2.1 $(subst FROM,TO,TEXT).....................................................................................110
8.2.2 $(patsubst PATTERN,REPLACEMENT,TEXT)...................................................110
8.2.3 $(strip STRINT).....................................................................................................112
8.2.4 $(findstring FIND,IN)............................................................................................112
8.2.5 $(filter PATTERN…,TEXT)...................................................................................112
8.2.6 $(filter-out PATTERN...,TEXT).............................................................................113
8.2.7 $(sort LIST)...........................................................................................................113
8.2.8 $(word N,TEXT)....................................................................................................114
8.2.9 $(wordlist S,E,TEXT)............................................................................................114
8.2.10 $(words TEXT)............................................................................................114
8.2.11 $(firstword NAMES…)................................................................................115
8.3 文件名处理函数............................................................................................................115
8.3.1 $(dir NAMES…)....................................................................................................115
8.3.2 $(notdir NAMES…)...............................................................................................116
8.3.3 $(suffix NAMES…)...............................................................................................116
8.3.4 $(basename NAMES…).......................................................................................117
8.3.5 $(addsuffix SUFFIX,NAMES…)...........................................................................117
8.3.6 $(addprefix PREFIX,NAMES…)...........................................................................118
8.3.7 $(join LIST1,LIST2)...............................................................................................118
8.3.8 $(wildcard PATTERN)..........................................................................................119
8.4 foreach 函数................................................................................................................119
8.5 if 函数..........................................................................................................................120
8.6 call函数........................................................................................................................121
8.7 value函数.....................................................................................................................123
8.8 eval函数.......................................................................................................................124
8.9 origin函数.....................................................................................................................125
8.10 shell函数......................................................................................................................127
8.11 make的控制函数..........................................................................................................128
8.11.1 $(error TEXT…)...........................................................................................128
8.11.2 $(warning TEXT…)......................................................................................129
第九章：执行make..................................................................................................................130
9 执行make..........................................................................................................................130
9.1 指定makefile文件.........................................................................................................130
9.2 指定终极目标...............................................................................................................131
9.3 替代命令的执行............................................................................................................133
9.4 防止特定文件重建........................................................................................................135
9.5 替换变量定义...............................................................................................................136
9.6 使用make进行编译测试...............................................................................................137
9.7 Tmake的命令行选项....................................................................................................138
第十章：make的隐含规则........................................................................................................143
10 使用隐含规则...............................................................................................................143
10.1 隐含规则的使用............................................................................................................143
10.2 make的隐含规则一览...................................................................................................145
10.3 隐含变量......................................................................................................................148
10.3.1 代表命令的变量............................................................................................149
10.3.2 命令参数的变量............................................................................................150
10.4 make隐含规则链..........................................................................................................151
10.5 模式规则......................................................................................................................153
10.5.1 模式规则介绍................................................................................................153
10.5.2 模式规则示例................................................................................................155
10.5.3 自动化变量....................................................................................................156
T10.5.4 T模式的匹配.................................................................................................159
10.5.5 万用规则.......................................................................................................160
10.5.6 重建内嵌隐含规则.........................................................................................161
10.6 缺省规则......................................................................................................................162
10.7 后缀规则......................................................................................................................162
10.8 隐含规则搜索算法........................................................................................................164
第十一章：使用make更新静态库文件......................................................................................166
11 更新静态库文件............................................................................................................166
11.1 库成员作为目标............................................................................................................166
11.2 静态库的更新...............................................................................................................167
11.2.1 更新静态库的符号索引表..............................................................................168
11.3 make静态库的注意事项...............................................................................................168
11.4 静态库的后缀规则........................................................................................................169
第十二章 ： GNU make的特点...............................................................................................170
12 GNU make的一些特点.................................................................................................170
12.1 源自System v的特点....................................................................................................170
12.2 源自其他版本的特点....................................................................................................171
12.3 GNU make自身的特点.................................................................................................172
第十三章 和其它版本的兼容....................................................................................................174
13 不兼容性......................................................................................................................174
第十四章 Makefile的约定........................................................................................................176
14 书写约定......................................................................................................................176
14.1 基本的约定...................................................................................................................176
14.2 规则命令行的约定........................................................................................................178
14.3 代表命令变量...............................................................................................................179
14.4 安装目录变量...............................................................................................................180
14.5 Makefile的标准目标名..................................................................................................185
14.6 安装命令分类...............................................................................................................190
第十五章 make的常见错误信息...............................................................................................193
15 make产生的错误信息...................................................................................................193
附录1：关键字索引..................................................................................................................196
GNU make可识别的指示符：..............................................................................................196
GNU make函数：...............................................................................................................197
GNU make的自动化变量.....................................................................................................197
GNU make环境变量............................................................................................................198
后序.........................................................................................................................................198
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