ＪＭＳ规范教程
2007 年 7 月
声明：本文内容译自 SUN JMS1.1 规范的主要部分及 SUN MQ 参考资料整理制作而成，
可供 JMS 初学者入门。
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JMS 规范教程
目 录
第 1 章 JMS基本概念...................................................................................................................1
1.1 什么是JMS（JAVA MESSAGE SERVICE）？ .........................................................................1
1.2 什么是JMS中的消息（MESSAGING）?..............................................................................1
1.3 如何实现JMS客户端程序的跨平台性？...........................................................................2
1.4 有关两种消息方式简介 ......................................................................................................2
1.5 开发一个基于JMS的消息客户端应用的编程步骤...........................................................4
1.6 ＪＭＳ有关多线程方面的问题 ..........................................................................................4
第 2 章 JMS 消息模型.................................................................................................................6
2.1 背景： ..................................................................................................................................6
2.2 目标： ..................................................................................................................................6
2.3 JMS 消息 ..............................................................................................................................6
2.4 消息头字段 ..........................................................................................................................7
2.4.1 JMSDestination..............................................................................................................7
2.4.2 JMSDeliveryMode..........................................................................................................7
2.4.3 JMSMessageID...............................................................................................................7
2.4.4 JMSTimestamp ...............................................................................................................7
2.4.5 JMSCorrelationID..........................................................................................................8
2.4.6 JMSReplyTo....................................................................................................................8
2.4.7 JMSRedelivered..............................................................................................................9
2.4.8 JMSType .........................................................................................................................9
2.4.9 JMSExpiration................................................................................................................9
2.4.10 JMSPriority..................................................................................................................9
2.4.11
对消息头信息如何被设置的总结
...........................................................................10
2.4.12
重载消息头字段
.......................................................................................................10
2.5 消息属性 ............................................................................................................................10
2.5.1
属性名
.........................................................................................................................10
2.5.2
属性值
.........................................................................................................................10
2.5.3
使用属性
..................................................................................................................... 11
2.5.4
属性值的转换
............................................................................................................. 11
2.5.5
属性值作为对象
......................................................................................................... 11
2.5.6
属性迭代
.....................................................................................................................12
2.5.7
清空消息属性值
.........................................................................................................12
2.5.8
不存在的属性
.............................................................................................................12
2.5.9 JMS
定义的属性
...........................................................................................................12
2.5.10
提供者指定的属性
...................................................................................................14
2.6 MESSAGE 确认....................................................................................................................14
2.7 消息接口 ............................................................................................................................14
2.8 MESSAGE 选择....................................................................................................................14
2.8.1 Message
选择器
..........................................................................................................14
2.8.2
消息选择语法
.............................................................................................................15
2.8.3 Null Values
空值
..........................................................................................................18
2.8.4
特别说明
.....................................................................................................................18
2.9 访问被发送的消息 ............................................................................................................19
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JMS 规范教程
2.10 改变已接收的消息的值 ..................................................................................................19
2.11 JMS消息体........................................................................................................................19
2.11.1
清空消息体
...............................................................................................................20
2.11.2 “
只读消息体
”............................................................................................................20
2.11.3
由
StreamMessage
和
MapMessage
提供的转换功能
.................................................20
第 3 章 JMS通用设施.................................................................................................................22
3.1 ADMINISTERED OBJECTS被管理的对象 ..............................................................................22
3.1.1 Destination
目的地
.......................................................................................................22
3.1.2 ConnectionFactory
连接工厂。
...............................................................................23
3.2 CONNECTION 连接.............................................................................................................23
3.2.1 Authentication
认证
......................................................................................................23
3.2.2 Client Identifier
客户端标识
........................................................................................23
3.2.3 Connection Setup
连接的建立
......................................................................................24
3.2.4 Pausing Delivery of Incoming Messages
停止传送即将到来的消息
.......................24
3.2.5 Closing a Connection
关闭连接
.................................................................................25
3.2.6 Sessions
会话
..............................................................................................................26
3.2.7 ConnectionMetaData ...................................................................................................26
3.2.8 ExceptionListener
异常监听器
.....................................................................................26
3.3 SESSION会话........................................................................................................................26
3.3.1 Closing a Session
关闭会话
.........................................................................................27
3.3.2 MessageProducer
和
MessageConsumer
的创建
....................................................28
3.3.3 Creating Temporary Destinations
创建临时目的地
..................................................28
3.3.4 Creating Destination Objects
创建目的地对象。
.......................................................28
3.3.5 Optimized Message Implementations
优化消息的实现。
.......................................28
3.3.6 Conventions for Using a Session
使用
Session
的常规
................................................28
3.3.7 Transactions
事务
.......................................................................................................29
3.3.8 Distributed Transactions
分布事务
............................................................................30
3.3.9 Multiple Sessions
多会话
............................................................................................30
3.3.10 Message Order
消息顺序
.........................................................................................30
3.3.11 Message Acknowledgment
消息确认
........................................................................31
3.3.12 Duplicate Delivery of Messages
重复的消息传送
...................................................32
3.3.13 Duplicate Production of Messages
重复的消息生产
...............................................32
3.3.14 Serial Execution of Client Code
顺序执行客户端代码
...........................................32
3.3.15 Concurrent Message Delivery
并发消息传送
..........................................................33
3.4 MESSAGECONSUMER 消息消费者......................................................................................33
3.4.1 Synchronous Delivery
同步传送
.................................................................................33
3.4.2 Asynchronous Delivery
异步传送
...............................................................................33
3.5 MESSAGEPRODUCER 消息生产者.......................................................................................34
3.6 MESSAGE DELIVERY MODE 消息传送模式......................................................................34
3.7 MESSAGE TIME-TO-LIVE 消息存活时间 ..........................................................................35
3.8 EXCEPTIONS 异常..............................................................................................................35
3.9 RELIABILITY 可靠性...........................................................................................................35
第 4 章 JMS点对点传输模式.....................................................................................................37
4.1 OVERVIEW概述...................................................................................................................37
4.2 QUEUE MANAGEMENT（队列管理）................................................................................37
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JMS 规范教程
4.3 QUEUE（队列） ................................................................................................................38
4.4 TEMPORARYQUEUE............................................................................................................38
4.5 QUEUECONNECTIONFACTORY ...........................................................................................38
4.6 QUEUECONNECTION...........................................................................................................38
4.7 QUEUESESSION..................................................................................................................38
4.8 QUEUERECEIVER................................................................................................................38
4.9 QUEUEBROWSER ...............................................................................................................39
4.10 QUEUEREQUESTOR..........................................................................................................39
4.11 RELIABILITY 可靠性 .......................................................................................................39
第 5 章 JMS发布／订阅（PUBLISH/SUBSCRIBE）模式 ...................................................40
5.1 OVERVIEW概述....................................................................................................................40
5.2 PUB/SUB LATENCY 延迟......................................................................................................40
5.3 DURABLE SUBSCRIPTION 持久化的订阅 ............................................................................41
5.4 TOPIC MANAGEMENT 主题管理..........................................................................................41
5.5 TOPIC 主题 ..........................................................................................................................41
5.6 TEMPORARYTOPIC................................................................................................................42
5.7 TOPICCONNECTIONFACTORY................................................................................................42
5.8 TOPICCONNECTION ..............................................................................................................42
5.9 TOPICSESSION ......................................................................................................................42
5.10 TOPICPUBLISHER................................................................................................................42
5.11 TOPICSUBSCRIBER..............................................................................................................43
5.11.1 Durable TopicSubscriber
持久化的主题订阅
..........................................................43
5.12 RECOVERY AND REDELIVERY 恢复和重发........................................................................43
5.13 ADMINISTERING SUBSCRIPTIONS 管理定阅 ......................................................................44
5.14 TOPICREQUESTOR ..............................................................................................................44
5.15 RELIABILITY 可靠性 .........................................................................................................44
第 6 章 SUN MQ安装及配置.....................................................................................................46
6.1 安装注意事项 ....................................................................................................................46
6.2 JMS 服务管理代理并创建各种目的地对象 ....................................................................46
6.2.1
创建
JMS
服务管理代理
..............................................................................................46
6.2.2
创建目的地
.................................................................................................................48
6.3 配置开发所需环境 ............................................................................................................48
6.3.1
建立基于
JNDI
的管理对象存储环境
........................................................................48
6.3.2
在
LDAP
中存储目的地和连接工厂
...........................................................................51
第 7 章 基于发布/订阅模式的应用范例....................................................................................53
7.1 背景....................................................................................................................................53
7.2 实现....................................................................................................................................53
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JMS 规范教程
第1章 JMS 基本概念
1.1 什么是JMS（Java Message Service）？
JMS 为 Java 程序提供了一种创建、发送、接收和读取企业消息系统中消息的通用方
法。
企业消息产品（有时也被称为面向消息的中间件MOM-Message
Oriented Middleware)，正成为一种用来整合公司内部操作的重要组件。它们使得分离的业
务组件变成可靠而又灵活性的系统。Java语言编写的客户端以及中间层服务必须能够访问
这些系统，JMS 为java语言访问这些消息系统提供了一种通用的方法。
JMS是一系列的接口及相关语义的集合，通过这些接口和语义定义了JMS客户端如何
去访问消息系统。
1.2 什么是JMS 中的消息（Messaging）?
消息这个术语在计算机系统中含义非常广泛，它被用来描述不同的操作系统概念，它
被用来描述邮件和传真。而在这里，它指的是用于企业应用间的异步通讯。
这里所说的“消息”是指被企业应用而不是人所消费的异步的请求、报告以及事件。
消息中包含了重要的用来系统间进行协作的信息。消息中包含了精确的数据格式以描述特
定的业务活动，通过应用系统之间的消息交互，使得企业业务过程能够保持一致。
JMS应用由哪些部分组成？
¾ JMS客户端 ：用来发送和接收消息的Java语言程序。
¾ 非JMS客户端：这些客户端是用消息系统的本地客户端API编写的，而不是JMS。如果
应用先于JMS出来之前，那么它可能会既包括JMS客户端，也包括非JMS客户端。
¾ Messages（消息）：每个应用定义了用于在客户端之间进行通讯的消息。
¾ JMS Provider （JMS提供者）：实现了JMS规范的消息系统，该系统还提供必须的用于
管理和控制全方位的功能。
¾ Administered Objects（被管理的对象）：是预先配置的JMS对象，由系统管理员为使用
JMS的客户端创建。
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