Eclipse – 整合开发工具(基础篇)
Jacky Lee
2005/03/01
raw.doc 第 1 页,共 233 页
目录
0.环境说明....................................................................................................................................................................7
1.Eclipse 简介...............................................................................................................................................................8
1.1 历史背景........................................................................................................................................................8
1.2 开放原始码软件...........................................................................................................................................8
1.3 Eclipse 版本介绍...........................................................................................................................................9
1.4 跨语言、跨平台...........................................................................................................................................9
2. Eclipse Platform......................................................................................................................................................10
2.1 概观..............................................................................................................................................................10
2.2 架构..............................................................................................................................................................10
2.3 项目与资料夹..............................................................................................................................................11
2.4 平台核心......................................................................................................................................................11
2.5 工作区(workspace)......................................................................................................................................11
2.6 工作台(workbench).....................................................................................................................................11
2.6.1 视图(View)......................................................................................................................................12
2.6.2 编辑器(Editor).................................................................................................................................14
2.6.3 视景(Perspective)............................................................................................................................16
2.7 重新排列视图和编辑器.............................................................................................................................18
2.7.1 放置游标.........................................................................................................................................18
2.7.2 重新排列视图.................................................................................................................................19
2.7.3 并列编辑器.....................................................................................................................................19
2.7.4 重新排列附加标签的视图.............................................................................................................20
2.7.5 最大化.............................................................................................................................................20
2.8 菜单和工具列.............................................................................................................................................21
2.8.1 菜单.................................................................................................................................................21
2.8.2 图标和按钮.....................................................................................................................................33
2.9 视景..............................................................................................................................................................37
2.9.1 新视景.............................................................................................................................................37
2.9.2 新窗口.............................................................................................................................................39
2.9.3 储存视景.........................................................................................................................................40
2.9.4 配置视景.........................................................................................................................................41
2.10 作业和标记................................................................................................................................................42
2.10.1 不相关的作业...............................................................................................................................42
2.10.2 相关的作业...................................................................................................................................43
2.10.3 开启档案.......................................................................................................................................44
2.11 书签............................................................................................................................................................44
2.11.1 新增和检视书签...........................................................................................................................44
raw.doc 第 2 页,共 233 页
2.11.2 使用书签.......................................................................................................................................46
2.11.3 移除书签.......................................................................................................................................46
2.12 快速视图(Fast View).................................................................................................................................48
2.12.1 建立快速视图...............................................................................................................................48
2.12.2 使用快速视图...............................................................................................................................48
2.13 比较............................................................................................................................................................49
2.13.1 简单比较.......................................................................................................................................50
2.13.2 了解比较.......................................................................................................................................51
2.13.3 使用比较.......................................................................................................................................52
2.14 历史纪录....................................................................................................................................................54
2.15 回应 UI......................................................................................................................................................55
3.喜好设定(Preferences)............................................................................................................................................58
3.1 工作台(Workbench)....................................................................................................................................58
3.1.1 外观(Appearance)...........................................................................................................................60
3.1.2 功能(Capabilities)...........................................................................................................................61
3.1.3 颜色和字型(Colors and Fonts).......................................................................................................62
3.1.4 比较/修正(Compare/Patch).............................................................................................................64
3.1.5 编辑器(Editors)...............................................................................................................................66
3.1.6 档案关联(File Associations)...........................................................................................................67
3.1.7 按键(Keys)......................................................................................................................................70
3.1.8 标签装饰(Label Decorations).........................................................................................................76
3.1.9 链接资源(Linked Resources)..........................................................................................................77
3.1.10 历史纪录(Local History)..............................................................................................................78
3.1.11 视景................................................................................................................................................78
3.1.12 搜寻(Search)..................................................................................................................................80
3.1.13 启动和关闭(Startup and Shutdown).............................................................................................81
3.2 Ant................................................................................................................................................................82
3.2.1 Ant 编辑器(Ant Editor)..................................................................................................................83
3.2.2 Ant 执行时期(Ant Runtime)...........................................................................................................84
3.3 建置次序(Build Order)...............................................................................................................................87
3.4 说明(Help)...................................................................................................................................................87
3.4.1 说明服务器(Help Server)...............................................................................................................89
3.5 自动更新(Install/Update)............................................................................................................................89
3.6 Java..............................................................................................................................................................90
3.6.1 外观(Appearance)...........................................................................................................................91
3.6.2 类别路径变量(Classpath variables)...............................................................................................91
3.6.3 程序代码格式制作器(Code Formatter).........................................................................................92
3.6.4 程序代码产生(Code generation)....................................................................................................93
raw.doc 第 3 页,共 233 页
3.6.5 编译器(Compiler)...........................................................................................................................95
3.6.6 Java 编辑器(Java editor).................................................................................................................99
3.6.7 JRE 安装(JRE installations).........................................................................................................106
3.6.8 JUnit..............................................................................................................................................106
3.6.9 新专案(New project).....................................................................................................................106
3.6.10 组织汇入(Organize imports).......................................................................................................107
3.6.11「重构」喜好设定(Refactoring preferences).............................................................................108
3.6.12 作业标示(Task Tags)...................................................................................................................108
3.7 团队(Team)................................................................................................................................................109
3.7.1 CVS...............................................................................................................................................109
3.7.2 忽略的资源(Ignored Resources)...................................................................................................113
3.7.3 档案内容(File Content).................................................................................................................113
4. Java 程序开发.......................................................................................................................................................115
4.1 建立 Java 项目...........................................................................................................................................115
4.2 建立 Java 类别...........................................................................................................................................117
4.3 程序代码完成功能....................................................................................................................................118
4.3.1 Code Completion...........................................................................................................................118
4.3.2 Code Assist....................................................................................................................................118
4.4 执行 Java 程序...........................................................................................................................................120
4.5 Java 实时运算簿页面(Java Scrapbook Page)..........................................................................................122
4.6 自订开发环境...........................................................................................................................................129
4.6.1 程序代码格式...............................................................................................................................129
4.6.2 程序代码产生模板.......................................................................................................................130
4.6.3 Javadoc 批注.................................................................................................................................132
4.7 产生 getter 与 setter..................................................................................................................................136
4.8 建立 JAR 档案..........................................................................................................................................138
4.8.1 建立新的 JAR 档案......................................................................................................................138
4.8.2 设定进阶选项...............................................................................................................................140
4.8.3 定义 JAR 檔的 manifest...............................................................................................................141
4.8.4 重新产生 JAR 檔..........................................................................................................................143
4.9.建立 Javadoc 文件....................................................................................................................................145
4.9.1 选取产生 Javadoc 用的类型........................................................................................................145
4.9.2 为标准 doclet 配置 Javadoc 自变量............................................................................................146
4.9.3 配置 Javadoc 自变量....................................................................................................................147
4.10 工作集(Working Sets).............................................................................................................................148
4.10.1 新增工作集.................................................................................................................................148
4.10.2 隐藏「导览器」视图中的档案.................................................................................................150
4.10.3 显示「导览器」视图中的档案.................................................................................................151
raw.doc 第 4 页,共 233 页
5.除错........................................................................................................................................................................153
5.1 错误的程序................................................................................................................................................153
5.2 设定岔断点(Breakpoints).........................................................................................................................154
5.3 逐步除错....................................................................................................................................................158
5.3.1 Step Into.........................................................................................................................................158
5.3.2 Step Over.......................................................................................................................................158
5.3.3 Step Return....................................................................................................................................158
5.3.4 Drop to Frame...............................................................................................................................158
5.3.5 Use Step Filters/Step Debug.........................................................................................................159
5.4 继续执行....................................................................................................................................................160
5.5 设定岔断点的 Hit Count...........................................................................................................................162
5.6 岔断点组态设定.......................................................................................................................................169
5.7 监视点(Watchpoint)..................................................................................................................................170
5.8 方法岔断断点(Method Breakpoint).........................................................................................................173
5.9 异常岔断点(Exception Breakpoint).........................................................................................................175
5.10 Java 表示式及变更某些值.....................................................................................................................177
6.重构(Refactoring)..................................................................................................................................................179
6.1 重新命名....................................................................................................................................................179
6.1.1 区域变量(Local Variable).............................................................................................................179
6.1.2 字段(Field)....................................................................................................................................180
6.1.3 方法(Method)................................................................................................................................182
6.1.4 类别(Class)或是接口(Interface)...................................................................................................184
6.1.5 套件(Package)...............................................................................................................................185
6.2 撷取(Extracting)........................................................................................................................................187
6.2.1 撷取常数(Extracting a Constant)..................................................................................................187
6.2.2 撷取区域变量(Extracting a Local Variable)................................................................................189
6.2.3 撷取方法(Extracting a Method)...................................................................................................192
6.3 列入(Inlining)............................................................................................................................................197
6.3.1 列入常数(Inlining a Constant)......................................................................................................197
6.3.2 列入区域变量(Inlining a Local Variable)....................................................................................199
6.3.3 列入方法(Inlining a Method).......................................................................................................201
6.4 变更方法签章(Signature).........................................................................................................................204
6.5 移动 Java 元素(Moving Java Elements)...................................................................................................207
6.5.1 字段(Field)....................................................................................................................................208
6.5.2 Static Members..............................................................................................................................209
6.6 自行封装字段(Self Encapsulating a Field)..............................................................................................212
7.要诀和技巧(Tips and Tricks)................................................................................................................................215
7.1 编辑程序文件(Editing Source).................................................................................................................215
raw.doc 第 5 页,共 233 页