Editorial Director, Engineering
and Computer Science: Marcia J. Horton
Acquisitions Editor: Matt Goldstein
Editorial Assistant: Jenah Blitz-Stoehr
Marketing Manager: Yez Alayan
Marketing Assistant: Jon Bryant
Senior Managing Editor: Scott Disanno
Operations Specialist: Linda Sager
Media Editor: Renata Butera
Printer/Binder: RR Donnelley
Cover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix
About the Cover: The image on the cover is a computer-generated map of sites on the Internet that host
blogs. Each colored dot identifies a blog, and links between dots indicate a cross reference from one blog to
another. Sites in the same domain have the same color. As the figure indicates, there is a dense central set
of blogs; blogs farther out are usually nontechnical blogs that link to the dense center. The community is
known collectively as the blogosphere.
Copyright © 2015, 2006, 2000 Pearson Education, Inc., One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey
07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by
Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction,
storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit
a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle
River, New Jersey 07458.
AdaMagic is a trademark of Intermetrics, Incorporated. Alpha is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
Android is a trademark of Google, Incorporated. Facebook is a registered trademark of Facebook, Incorporated. Java is
a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Incorporated. JavaScript is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Incorporated.
Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft Windows is a trademark of Microsoft
Corporation. OpenFlow is a trademark of Stanford University. OS-X is a registered trademark of Apple, Incorporated.
Pentium is a trademark of Intel Corporation. Skype is a trademark of Skype, and Computer Networks and Internets is
not affiliated, sponsored, authorized or otherwise associated by/with the Skype group of companies. Smartjack is a
trademark of Westell, Incorporated. Sniffer is a trademark of Network General Corporation. Solaris is a trademark of
Sun Microsystems, Incorporated. Sparc is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Incorporated. UNIX is a registered
trademark of The Open Group in the US and other countries. Vonage is a registered trademark of Vonage Marketing,
LLC. Windows 95 is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Windows 98 is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Windows NT is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. X Window System is a trademark of X Consortium,
Incorporated. YouTube is a registered trademark of Google, Incorporated. ZigBee is a registered trademark of the
ZigBee Alliance. Additional company and product names used in this text may be trademarks or registered trademarks
of the individual companies, and are respectfully acknowledged.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data on File
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
www.pearsonhighered.com
ISBN 10: 0-13-358793-2
ISBN 13: 978-0-13-358793-7
