1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 The Python Programming Language . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Installing Python and Wing IDE 101 . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Writing Your First Program . . . . . . . . 7
1.4 What is aComputer? . . . . . . . 8
1.5 Binary Number Representation . . . . . . 10
1.6 What is a Programming Language? . . . . . . . 13
1.7 Hexadecimal and Octal Representation . . . . . . 15
1.8 Writing Your Second Program . . . . . . 16
1.9 SyntaxErrors . . . . . . . 18
1.10 Types of Values . . . . . . 19
1.11 The Reference Type and Assignment Statements . . . . 20
1.12 Integers and Real Numbers . . . . . . . . 21
1.13 Strings . . . . . . . 24
1.14 Integer to String Conversion and Back Again . . . . . . 25
1.15 Getting Input . . . . . . . 26
1.16 Formatting Output . . . . . . . . 27
1.17 When Things Go Wrong . . . . . 30
1.18 Review Questions . . . . . . . . . 33
1.19 Exercises . . . . . . . . . 34
1.20 Solutions to Practice Problems . . . . . . 36
2 Decision Making . . . . . . . . 41
2.1 FindingtheMaxofThree Integers . . . . 45
2.2 The Guess and Check Pattern . . . . . . . 47
2.3 Choosing from a List of Alternatives . . . . . . . 48
2.4 The Boolean Type . . . . . . . . . 50
2.5 ShortCircuitLogic . . . . . . . . 53
2.6 Comparing Floats for Equality . . . . . . 54
2.7 ExceptionHandling . . . . . . . . 55
2.8 ReviewQuestions . . . . . . . . . 57
2.9 Exercises . . . . . . . . . 58
2.10 Solutions to Practice Problems . . . . . . 61
3 Repetitive Tasks . . . . . . . . 65
3.1 Operators . . . . . . . . . 67
3.2 Iterating Over a Sequence . . . . . 69
3.3 Lists . . . . . . . . 71
3.4 The Guess and Check Pattern for Lists . . . . . . 74
3.5 Mutability of Lists . . . . . . . . 75
3.6 The Accumulator Pattern . . . . . 79
3.7 Reading from and Writing to a File . . . . 80
3.8 ReadingRecords fromaFile . . . . . . . 82
3.9 ReviewQuestions . . . . . . . . . 85
3.10 Exercises . . . . . . . . . 86
3.11 Solutions to Practice Problems . . . . . . 88
4 Using Objects . . . . . . . . . . 93
4.1 Constructors . . . . . . . . 96
4.2 Accessor Methods . . . . . . . . 98
4.3 Mutator Methods . . . . . . . . . 98
4.4 ImmutableClasses . . . . . . . . 99
4.5 Object-Oriented Programming . . . . . . 100
4.6 Working with XML Files . . . . . 100
4.7 Extracting Elements from an XML File . . . . . 103
4.8 Dictionaries . . . . . . . . 104
4.9 Getting at the Data in an XML File . . . . 105
4.10 Working with Time . . . . . . . . 107
4.11 Parallel Lists . . . . . . . 107
4.12 Visualizing a Workout . . . . . . 108
4.13 Review Questions . . . . . . . . . 110
4.14 Exercises . . . . . . . . . 110
4.15 Solutions to Practice Problems . . . . . . 113
5 Defining Functions . . . . . . . 119
5.1 WhyWriteFunctions? . . . . . . 120
5.2 PassingArguments andReturning aValue . . . . 121
5.3 ScopeofVariables . . . . . . . . 122
5.4 The Run-time Stack . . . . . . . . 126
5.5 MutableData andFunctions . . . . . . . 129
5.6 Predicate Functions . . . . . . . . 131
5.7 Top-DownDesign . . . . . . . . . 133
5.8 Bottom-UpDesign . . . . . . . . 134
5.9 RecursiveFunctions . . . . . . . . 134
5.10 The Main Function . . . . . . . . 136
5.11 Keyword Arguments . . . . . . . 139
5.12 Default Values . . . . . . . 140
5.13 Functions with Variable Number of Parameters . . . . . 140
5.14 Dictionary Parameter Passing . . . . . . . 141
5.15 Review Questions . . . . . . . . . 142
5.16 Exercises . . . . . . . . . 142
5.17 Solutions to Practice Problems . . . . . . 145
6 Event-Driven Programming . . . . . . 149
6.1 TheRootWindow. . . . . . . . . 150
6.2 Menus . . . . . . . 151
6.3 Frames . . . . . . . . . . 152
6.4 TheTextWidget . . . . . . . . . 152
6.5 TheButtonWidget . . . . . . . . 153
6.6 Creating a Reminder! . . . . . . . 154
6.7 Finishing up the Reminder! Application . . . . . 156
6.8 Label andEntryWidgets . . . . . 157
6.9 Layout Management . . . . . . . 158
6.10 Message Boxes . . . . . . 159
6.11 Review Questions . . . . . . . . . 160
6.12 Exercises . . . . . . . . . 161
6.13 Solutions to Practice Problems . . . . . . 164
7 Defining Classes . . . . . . . . 167
7.1 Creating an Object . . . . . . . . 168
7.2 Inheritance . . . . . . . . 172
7.3 ABouncingBallExample . . . . . . . . 178
7.4 Polymorphism. . . . . . . 180
7.5 Getting Hooked on Python . . . . . . . . 181
7.6 ReviewQuestions . . . . . . . . . 184
7.7 Exercises . . . . . . . . . 184
7.8 Solutions to Practice Problems . . . . . . 190
Appendix A Integer Operators . . . . . . . 193
Appendix B Float Operators . . . . . . . . 195
Appendix C String Operators and Methods . . . . . . . 197
Appendix D List Operators and Methods . . . . . 201
Appendix E Dictionary Operators and Methods . . . . . 203
Appendix F Turtle Methods . . . . . . . . 205
Appendix G TurtleScreen Methods . . . . . . . . 217
Appendix H The Reminder! Program . . . . . . . 225
Appendix I The Bouncing Ball Program . . . . . 227
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . 231
References . . . . . . . . . . 237
Index . . . . . . . . . 239
