RaspberryPi使用舵机网页远程控制摄像头转动

ServoBlaster This is software for the RaspberryPi, which provides an interface to drive multiple servos via the GPIO pins. You control the servo postions by sending commands to the driver saying what pulse width a particular servo output should use. The driver maintains that pulse width until you send a new command requesting some other width. Currently is it configured to drive 8 servos. Servos typically need an active high pulse of somewhere between 0.5ms and 2.5ms, where the pulse width controls the position of the servo. The pulse should be repeated approximately every 20ms, although pulse frequency is not critical. The pulse width is critical, as that translates directly to the servo position. The driver creates a device file, /dev/servoblaster, in to which you can send commands. The command format is "<servo-number>=<sero-position>", where servo number is a number from 0 to 7 inclusive, and servo position is the pulse width you want in units of 10us. So, if you want to set servo 3 to a pulse width of 1.2ms you could do this at the shell prompt: echo 3=120 > /dev/servoblaster 120 is in units of 10us, so that is 1200us, or 1.2ms. If you set a servo width to 0 it turns off the servo output, without changing the current servo position. The code supports 8 servos, the control signals of which should be connected to P1 header pins as follows: Servo number GPIO number Pin in P1 header 0 4 P1-7 1 17 P1-11 2 18 P1-12 3 21 P1-13 4 22 P1-15 5 23 P1-16 6 24 P1-18 7 25 P1-22 When the driver is first loaded the GPIO pins are configure to be outputs, and their pulse widths are set to 0. This is so that servos don't jump to some arbitrary position when you load the driver. Once you know where you want your servos positioned, write a value to /dev/servoblaster to enable the respective output. When the driver is unloaded it attempts to shut down the outputs cleanly, rather than cutting some pulse short and causing a servo position to jump. The driver allocates a timeslot of 2.5ms to each output (8 servos resulting in a cycle time of 20ms). A servo output is set high at the start of its 2.5ms timeslot, and set low after the appropriate delay. There is then a further delay to take us to the end of that timeslot before the next servo output is set high. This way there is only ever one servo output active at a time, which helps keep the code simple. In the following description it refers to using the PWM peripheral. For the user space implementation it can instead use the PCM peripheral, see below for details. Using PCM is typically a better option, as the 3.5mm jack also uses the PWM peripheral, so ServoBlaster can interfere with sound output. The driver works by setting up a linked list of DMA control blocks with the last one linked back to the first, so once initialized the DMA controller cycles round continuously and the driver does not need to get involved except when a pulse width needs to be changed. For a given servo there are four DMA control blocks; the first transfers a single word to the GPIO 'set output' register, the second transfers some number of words to the PWM FIFO to generate the required pulse width time, the third transfers a single word to the GPIO 'clear output' register, and the fourth transfers a number of words to the PWM FIFO to generate a delay up to the end of the 2.5ms timeslot. While the driver does use the PWM peripheral, it only uses it to pace the DMA transfers, so as to generate accurate delays. The PWM is set up such that it consumes one word from the FIFO every 10us, so to generate a delay of 1.2ms the driver sets the DMA transfer count to 480 (1200/10*4, as the FIFO is 32 bits wide). The PWM is set to request data as soon as there is a single word free in the FIFO, so there should be no burst transfers to upset the timing. I used Panalyzer running on one Pi to mointor the servo outputs from a second Pi. The pulse widths and frequencies seem very stable, even under heavy SD card use. This is expected, because the pulse generation is effectively handled in hardware and not influenced by interrupt latency or scheduling effects. The driver uses DMA channel 0, and PWM channel 1. It makes no attempt to protect against other code using those peripherals. It sets the relevant GPIO pins to be outputs when the driver is loaded, so please ensure that you are not driving those pins externally. I would of course recommend some buffering between the GPIO outputs and the servo controls, to protect the Pi. That said, I'm living dangerously and doing without :-) If you just want to experiment with a small servo you can probably take the 5 volts for it from the header pins on the Pi, but I find that doing anything non-trivial with four servos connected pulls the 5 volts down far enough to crash the Pi! There are two implementions of ServoBlaster; a kernel module based one, and a user space daemon. The kernel module based one is the original, and is more mature. The user space daemon implementation is much more convenient to use but is less well tested and does not have all the features of the kernel based one. I would recommend you try the user space implementation first, as it is likely to be easier to get going. Details specific to each implementation are provided in separate sections below. The user space daemon --------------------- To use this daemon grab the servod.c source and Makefile and: $ make servod $ sudo ./servod Using hardware: PWM Number of servos: 8 Servo cycle time: 20000us Pulse width units: 10us Maximum width value: 249 (2490us) $ The prompt will return immediately, and servod is left running in the background. You can check it is running via the "ps ax" command. If you want to stop servod, the easiest way is to run: $ sudo killall servod Note that use of PWM will interfere with 3.5mm jack audio output. Instead of using the PWM hardware, you can use the PCM hardware, which is less likely to cause a conflict. Please be aware that the PCM mode is very lightly tested at present. To use PCM mode, invoke servod as follows: $ sudo ./servod --pcm Using hardware: PCM ... Features not currently supported in the user space implementation: - does not support the timeout= option to turn off servo outputs after some specified delay. You must set a servo width to 0 to turn off an output, if you want to. - you cannot read /dev/servoblaster to see the current servo settings The kernel space implementation ------------------------------- Upon reading /dev/servoblaster, the device file provides feedback as to what position each servo is currently set. For example, after starting the driver and sending the command "3=120", you would see: pi@raspberrypi ~ $ cat /dev/servoblaster 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 120 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 pi@raspberrypi ~ $ Please read the driver source for more details. The comments at the top of servoblaster.c also explain how to make your system create the /dev/servoblaster device node automatically when the driver is loaded. Alternatively running "make install" in the driver source directory will also create the necessary files. Further to this, running "make install_autostart" will create those files, plus perform the necessary changes to make servoblaster be automatically loaded at boot. If you wish to compile the module yourself, the approach I took was to run rpi-update to get the latest kernel from github, then follow the instructions