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Network Working Group M.Mahalingam
Internet Draft VMware
Intended Status: Experimental D.Dutt
Expires: August 2012 K.Duda
Arista
P.Agarwal
Broadcom
L. Kreeger
Cisco
T. Sridhar
VMware
M.Bursell
Citrix
C.Wright
Red Hat
February 24, 2012
VXLAN: A Framework for Overlaying Virtualized Layer 2 Networks over
Layer 3 Networks
draft-mahalingam-dutt-dcops-vxlan-01.txt
Status of this Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that
other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
Drafts.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents
at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as
reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt
The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html
This Internet-Draft will expire on August 27, 2012.
Mahalingam, Dutt et al. Expires August 2012 [Page 1]
Internet-Draft VXLAN February 2012
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust’s Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with
respect to this document.
Abstract
This document describes Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network
(VXLAN), which is used to address the need for overlay networks
within virtualized data centers accommodating multiple tenants. The
scheme and the related protocols can be used in cloud service
provider and enterprise data center networks.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction...................................................3
1.1. Acronyms & Definitions....................................3
2. Conventions used in this document..............................4
3. VXLAN Problem Statement........................................5
3.1. Limitations imposed by Spanning Tree & VLAN Ranges........5
3.2. Multitenant Environments..................................5
3.3. Inadequate Table Sizes at ToR Switch......................6
4. Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network (VXLAN)..................6
4.1. Unicast VM to VM communication............................7
4.2. Broadcast Communication and Mapping to Multicast..........8
4.3. Physical Infrastructure Requirements......................9
5. VXLAN Frame Format.............................................9
6. VXLAN Deployment Scenarios....................................12
6.1. Inner VLAN Tag Handling..................................16
7. Security Considerations.......................................16
8. IANA Considerations...........................................17
9. Conclusion....................................................18
10. References...................................................18
10.1. Normative References....................................18
10.2. Informative References..................................18
11. Acknowledgments..............................................18
Mahalingam, Dutt et al. Expires August 2012 [Page 2]
Internet-Draft VXLAN February 2012
1. Introduction
Server virtualization has placed increased demands on the physical
network infrastructure. At a minimum, there is a need for more MAC
address table entries throughout the switched Ethernet network due
to potential attachment of hundreds of thousands of Virtual Machines
(VMs), each with its own MAC address.
Second, the VMs may be grouped according to their Virtual LAN
(VLAN). In a data center one might need thousands of VLANs to
partition the traffic according to the specific group that the VM
may belong to. The current VLAN limit of 4094 is inadequate in such
situations. A related requirement for virtualized environments is
having the Layer 2 network scale across the entire data center or
even between data centers for efficient allocation of compute,
network and storage resources. Using traditional approaches like
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) for a loop free topology can result in
a large number of disabled links in such environments.
Another type of demand that is being placed on data centers is the
need to host multiple tenants, each with their own isolated network
domain. This is not economical to realize with dedicated
infrastructure, so network administrators opt to implement this over
a shared network. A concomitant problem is that each tenant may
independently assign MAC addresses and VLAN IDs leading to potential
duplication of these on the physical network.
The last scenario is the case where the network operator prefers to
use IP for interconnection of the physical infrastructure (e.g. to
achieve multipath scalability through Equal Cost Multipath [ECMP])
while still preserving the Layer 2 model for inter-VM communication.
The scenarios described above lead to a requirement for an overlay
network. This overlay would be used to carry the MAC traffic from
the individual VMs in an encapsulated format over a logical
"tunnel".
This document details a framework termed Virtual eXtensible Local
Area Network (VXLAN) which provides such an encapsulation scheme to
address the various requirements specified above.
1.1. Acronyms & Definitions
ACL - Access Control List
ECMP - Equal Cost Multipath
Mahalingam, Dutt et al. Expires August 2012 [Page 3]
Internet-Draft VXLAN February 2012
IGMP - Internet Group Management Protocol
PIM - Protocol Independent Multicast
SPB - Shortest Path Bridging
STP - Spanning Tree Protocol
ToR - Top of Rack
TRILL - Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links
VXLAN - Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network
VXLAN Segment - VXLAN Layer 2 overlay network over which VMs
communicate
VXLAN Overlay Network - another term for VXLAN Segment
VXLAN Gateway - an entity which forwards traffic between VXLAN
and non-VXLAN environments
VTEP - VXLAN Tunnel End Point - an entity which originates
and/or terminates VXLAN tunnels
VLAN - Virtual Local Area Network
VM - Virtual Machine
VNI - VXLAN Network Identifier (or VXLAN Segment ID)
2. Conventions used in this document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC-2119 [RFC2119].
In this document, these words will appear with that interpretation
only when in ALL CAPS. Lower case uses of these words are not to be
interpreted as carrying RFC-2119 significance.
Mahalingam, Dutt et al. Expires August 2012 [Page 4]
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