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Dalvik VM document

Dalvik

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Technical Report

Analysis of Dalvik Virtual Machine and

Class Path Library

Constrained Intents: Extending Android Security for Intent

Policies (EASIP)

Security Engineering Research Group,

Institute of Management SciencesPeshawar, Pakistan

http://serg.imsciences.edu.pk

November, 2009

Disclaimer

THIS REPORT IS PROVIDED AS IS WITH NO WARRANTIES WHATSO-

EVER, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGE-

MENT, FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY WARRANTY

OTHERWISE ARISING OUT OF ANY PROPOSAL, SPECIFICATION OR SAM-

PLE. Without limitation, Security Engineering Research Group disclaims all liability,

including liability for infringement of any proprietary rights, relating to use of infor-

mation in this technical report and Security Engineering Research Group disclaims

all liability for cost of procurement of substitute goods or services, lost prots, loss of

use, loss of data or any incidental, consequential, direct, indirect, or special damages,

whether under contract, tort, warranty or otherwise, arising in any way out of use

or reliance upon this technical report or any information herein.

Any marks and brands contained herein are the property of their respective owners.

Contributors

Sohail Khan (sohail.khan@imsciences.edu.pk)

Shahryar Khan (engrshahrs@gmail.com)

Syed Hammad Khalid Banuri (hammadbanuri@gmail.com)

Mohammad Nauman (nauman@imsciences.edu.pk)

Masoom Alam (mmalam@imsciences.edu.pk)

Acknowledgements

The preparation of this technical report has been supported by Grant No. IC-

TRDF/TR&D/2009/03 from the National ICT R&D Fund, Pakistan to Security

Engineering Research Group, Institute of Management Sciences.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements iii

List of Tables vi

List of Figures vii

Glossary viii

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Android . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2 Dalvik Virtual Machine 6

2.1 Types of Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2.2 Dalvik Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.2.1 Motivation behind Dalvik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.3 Attributes of Dalvik VM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.3.1 Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.3.2 Runtime framework and supported libraries . . . . . . . . . . 10

2.3.3 License of Dalvik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2.3.4 Security issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

3 Dalvik Internals 12

3.1 Byte-code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.1.1 Java Byte-code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.1.2 Dalvik Byte-code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.2 Dex le format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

3.3 Conversion of Java Byte Code to Dalvik Byte Code . . . . . . . . . . 17

3.3.1 Size Comparison of Dex & Jar Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Analysis of Dalvik Virtual Machine and Class Path Library

Table of Contents

4 Working & Optimization of Dalvik VM 21

4.1 Capabilities of a typical VM & Issues of Interest . . . . . . . . . . . 21

4.1.1 System Memory & Overhed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

4.1.2 Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

4.1.3 Parsing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

4.1.4 Verication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

4.1.5 Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

4.2 Dalvik optimizes and overcomes the issues stated of a typical VM's . 22

4.2.1 System Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

4.2.2 Redundancy and Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

4.2.3 System Overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

4.2.4 Verication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

4.2.5 Parsing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

4.3 Overview of the operations performed by Dalvik . . . . . . . . . . . 24

4.3.1 Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

4.4 Comparison of Dalvik VM with Java Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . 26

4.4.1 Memory Usage Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

4.4.2 Architecture Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

4.4.3 Multiple instance and JIT Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

4.4.4 Reliability Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

4.4.5 Supported Libraries Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

4.4.6 Comparison Concluded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

5 Conclusion 29

References 31

Analysis of Dalvik Virtual Machine and Class Path Library

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