mit 6.828（清华北大操作系统实习课使用）

/* See COPYRIGHT for copyright information. */ #include <inc/x86.h> #include <inc/mmu.h> #include <inc/error.h> #include <inc/string.h> #include <inc/assert.h> #include <kern/pmap.h> #include <kern/kclock.h> #include <kern/env.h> // These variables are set by i386_detect_memory() static physaddr_t maxpa; // Maximum physical address size_t npage; // Amount of physical memory (in pages) static size_t basemem; // Amount of base memory (in bytes) static size_t extmem; // Amount of extended memory (in bytes) // These variables are set in i386_vm_init() pde_t* boot_pgdir; // Virtual address of boot time page directory physaddr_t boot_cr3; // Physical address of boot time page directory static char* boot_freemem; // Pointer to next byte of free mem struct Page* pages; // Virtual address of physical page array static struct Page_list page_free_list; // Free list of physical pages // Global descriptor table. // // The kernel and user segments are identical (except for the DPL). // To load the SS register, the CPL must equal the DPL. Thus, // we must duplicate the segments for the user and the kernel. // struct Segdesc gdt[] = { // 0x0 - unused (always faults -- for trapping NULL far pointers) SEG_NULL, // 0x8 - kernel code segment [GD_KT >> 3] = SEG(STA_X | STA_R, 0x0, 0xffffffff, 0), // 0x10 - kernel data segment [GD_KD >> 3] = SEG(STA_W, 0x0, 0xffffffff, 0), // 0x18 - user code segment [GD_UT >> 3] = SEG(STA_X | STA_R, 0x0, 0xffffffff, 3), // 0x20 - user data segment [GD_UD >> 3] = SEG(STA_W, 0x0, 0xffffffff, 3), // 0x28 - tss, initialized in idt_init() [GD_TSS >> 3] = SEG_NULL }; struct Pseudodesc gdt_pd = { sizeof(gdt) - 1, (unsigned long) gdt }; static int nvram_read(int r) { return mc146818_read(r) | (mc146818_read(r + 1) << 8); } void i386_detect_memory(void) { // CMOS tells us how many kilobytes there are basemem = ROUNDDOWN(nvram_read(NVRAM_BASELO)*1024, PGSIZE); extmem = ROUNDDOWN(nvram_read(NVRAM_EXTLO)*1024, PGSIZE); // Calculate the maximum physical address based on whether // or not there is any extended memory. See comment in <inc/mmu.h>. if (extmem) maxpa = EXTPHYSMEM + extmem; else maxpa = basemem; npage = maxpa / PGSIZE; cprintf("Physical memory: %dK available, ", (int)(maxpa/1024)); cprintf("base = %dK, extended = %dK\n", (int)(basemem/1024), (int)(extmem/1024)); } // -------------------------------------------------------------- // Set up initial memory mappings and turn on MMU. // -------------------------------------------------------------- static void check_boot_pgdir(void); static void check_page_alloc(); static void page_check(void); static void boot_map_segment(pde_t *pgdir, uintptr_t la, size_t size, physaddr_t pa, int perm); // // A simple physical memory allocator, used only a few times // in the process of setting up the virtual memory system. // page_alloc() is the real allocator. // // Allocate n bytes of physical memory aligned on an // align-byte boundary. Align must be a power of two. // Return kernel virtual address. Returned memory is uninitialized. // // If we're out of memory, boot_alloc should panic. // This function may ONLY be used during initialization, // before the page_free_list has been set up. // static void* boot_alloc(uint32_t n, uint32_t align) { extern char end[]; void *v; // Initialize boot_freemem if this is the first time. // 'end' is a magic symbol automatically generated by the linker, // which points to the end of the kernel's bss segment - // i.e., the first virtual address that the linker // did _not_ assign to any kernel code or global variables. if (boot_freemem == 0) boot_freemem = end; // LAB 2: Your code here: // Step 1: round boot_freemem up to be aligned properly // Step 2: save current value of boot_freemem as allocated chunk // Step 3: increase boot_freemem to record allocation // Step 4: return allocated chunk boot_freemem = ROUNDUP(boot_freemem,align); v = (void *)boot_freemem; boot_freemem += n; return v; } // Set up a two-level page table: // boot_pgdir is its linear (virtual) address of the root // boot_cr3 is the physical adresss of the root // Then turn on paging. Then effectively turn off segmentation. // (i.e., the segment base addrs are set to zero). // // This function only sets up the kernel part of the address space // (ie. addresses >= UTOP). The user part of the address space // will be setup later. // // From UTOP to ULIM, the user is allowed to read but not write. // Above ULIM the user cannot read (or write). void i386_vm_init(void) { pde_t* pgdir; uint32_t cr0; size_t n; // Delete this line: //panic("i386_vm_init: This function is not finished\n"); ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // create initial page directory. pgdir = boot_alloc(PGSIZE, PGSIZE); memset(pgdir, 0, PGSIZE); boot_pgdir = pgdir; boot_cr3 = PADDR(pgdir); ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Recursively insert PD in itself as a page table, to form // a virtual page table at virtual address VPT. // (For now, you don't have understand the greater purpose of the // following two lines.) // Permissions: kernel RW, user NONE pgdir[PDX(VPT)] = PADDR(pgdir)|PTE_W|PTE_P; // same for UVPT // Permissions: kernel R, user R pgdir[PDX(UVPT)] = PADDR(pgdir)|PTE_U|PTE_P; ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Make 'pages' point to an array of size 'npage' of 'struct Page'. // The kernel uses this structure to keep track of physical pages; // 'npage' equals the number of physical pages in memory. User-level // programs will get read-only access to the array as well. // You must allocate the array yourself. // Your code goes here: pages = boot_alloc( sizeof(struct Page ) * npage, PGSIZE ); memset(pages, 0, sizeof(struct Page)*npage); ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Make 'envs' point to an array of size 'NENV' of 'struct Env'. // LAB 3: Your code here. envs = boot_alloc( sizeof( struct Env ) * NENV, PGSIZE ); ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Now that we've allocated the initial kernel data structures, we set // up the list of free physical pages. Once we've done so, all further // memory management will go through the page_* functions. In // particular, we can now map memory using boot_map_segment or page_insert page_init(); check_page_alloc(); page_check(); ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Now we set up virtual memory ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Map 'pages' read-only by the user at linear address UPAGES // (ie. perm = PTE_U | PTE_P) // Permissions: // - pages -- kernel RW, user NONE // - the read-only version mapped at UPAGES -- kernel R, user R // Your code goes here: boot_map_segment( pgdir, UPAGES, sizeof(struct Page ) * npage , PADDR ( pages ), PTE_U ); ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Map the 'envs' array read-only by the user at linear address UENVS // (ie. perm = PTE_U | PTE_P). // Permissions: // - envs itself -- kernel RW, user NONE // - the image of envs mapped at UENVS -- kernel R, user R boot_map_segment( pgdir, UENVS, sizeof( struct Env ) * NENV, PADDR ( envs ), PTE_U ); ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Map the kernel stack (symbol name "bootstack"). The complete VA // range of the stack, [KSTACKTOP-PTSIZE, KSTACKTOP), breaks into two // pieces: // * [KSTACKTOP-KSTKSIZE, KSTACKTOP) -- backed by physical memory // * [KSTACKTOP-PTSIZE, KSTACKTOP-KSTKSIZE) -- not backed => faults // Permissions: kernel RW, user NONE // Your code goes here: boot_map_segment( pgdir, KSTACKT