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HSA-SysArch-1.01
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该标准主要用于异构系统架构,使APU以最快的浮点运算速度进行工作负荷的处理,HSA架构的推出,得到了硬件领域的广泛好评,由包括AMD、ARM、高通等大型公司在内的几十家厂商组建了阵容强大的HSA联盟。
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HSA Platform System Architecture
Specification
Revision: Version 1.0 Final • Issue Date: 23 Jan 2015
© 2015HSA Foundation. All rights reserved.
The contents of this document are provided in connection with the HSA Foundation specifications. This
specification is protected by copyright laws and contains material proprietary to the HSA Foundation. It or
any components may not be reproduced, republished, distributed, transmitted, displayed, broadcast or
otherwise exploited in any manner without the express prior written permission of HSA Foundation. You
may use this specification for implementing the functionality therein, without altering or removing any
trademark, copyright or other notice from the specification, but the receipt or possession of this
specification does not convey any rights to reproduce, disclose, or distribute its contents, or to manufacture,
use, or sell anything that it may describe, in whole or in part.
HSA Foundation grants express permission to any current Founder, Promoter, Supporter Contributor,
Academic or Associate member of HSA Foundation to copy and redistribute UNMODIFIED versions of this
specification in any fashion, provided that NO CHARGE is made for the specification and the latest available
update of the specification for any version of the API is used whenever possible. Such distributed
specification may be re-formatted AS LONG AS the contents of the specification are not changed in any way.
The specification may be incorporated into a product that is sold as long as such product includes significant
independent work developed by the seller. A link to the current version of this specification on the HSA
Foundation web-site should be included whenever possible with specification distributions.
HSA Foundation makes no, and expressly disclaims any, representations or warranties, express or implied,
regarding this specification, including, without limitation, any implied warranties of merchantability or
fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement of any intellectual property. HSA Foundation makes no,
and expressly disclaims any, warranties, express or implied, regarding the correctness, accuracy,
completeness, timeliness, and reliability of the specification. Under no circumstances will the HSA
Foundation, or any of its Founders, Promoters, Supporters, Academic, Contributors, and Associates
members or their respective partners, officers, directors, employees, agents or representatives be liable for
any damages, whether direct, indirect, special or consequential damages for lost revenues, lost profits, or
otherwise, arising from or in connection with these materials.
2 | HSA PlatformSystem Architecture Specification, Version 1.0 Final
Acknowledgments
HSA Platform System Architecture Specification, Version 1.0 Final | 3
Acknowledgments
This specification is the result of the contributions of many people. Here is a partial list of the contributors,
including the companies that they represented at the time of their contribution.
AMD
l Ben Sander
l Brad Beckmann
l Mark Fowler
l Michael Mantor
l Paul Blinzer (Workgroup Chair)
l Rex McCrary
l Tony Tye
l Vinod Tipparaju
ARM
l Andrew Rose
l Djordje Kovacevic
l Håkan Persson (Spec Editor)
l Ian Bratt
l Ian Devereux
l Jason Parker
l Richard Grisenthwaite
General Processor Technologies
l John Glossner
Imagination
l Andy Glew
l Georg Kolling
l James Aldis
l Jason Meredith
l John Howson
l Mark Rankilor
Mediatek
l ChienPing Lu
l Fred Liao
l Richard Bagley
l Roy Ju
l Stephen Huang
Qualcomm
l Alex Bourd
l Benedict Gaster
l Bob Rychlik
l Derek Hower
l Greg Bellows
l Jamie Esliger
l Lee Howes
l Lihan Bin
l Michael Weber
l PJ Bosley
l Robert J. Simpson
l Wilson Kwan
Samsung
l Ignacio Llamas
l Michael C. Shebanow
l Soojung Ryu
Sony
l Jim Rasmusson
ST Microelectronics
l Marcello Coppola
Contents
Contents
Acknowledgments 3
About the HSA Platform System Architecture Specification 7
Audience 7
Terminology 7
HSA Information Sources 7
Revision History 7
Chapter 1. System Architecture Requirements: Overview 8
1.1 What is HSA? 8
1.2 Keywords 8
1.3 Minimum vs. complete HSA software product 9
1.4 HSA programming model 9
1.5 List of requirements 9
Chapter 2. System Architecture Requirements: Details 11
2.1 Requirement: Shared virtual memory 11
2.2 Requirement: Cache coherency domains 13
2.2.1 Read-only image data 13
2.3 Requirement: Flat addressing 13
2.4 Requirement: Endianess 13
2.5 Requirement: Signaling and synchronization 14
2.6 Requirement: Atomic memory operations 16
2.7 Requirement: HSA system timestamp 17
2.8 Requirement: User mode queuing 17
2.8.1 Queue types 19
2.8.2 Queue features 19
2.8.3 Queue mechanics 19
2.8.4 Multiple vs. single submitting agents 21
2.8.5 Queue index access 22
2.8.6 Runtime services dispatch queue 24
2.9 Requirement: Architected Queuing Language (AQL) 24
2.9.1 Packet header 25
2.9.1.1 Acquire fences 25
2.9.1.2 Release fences 26
2.9.2 Packet process flow 26
2.9.3 Error handling 27
2.9.4 Vendor-specific packet 27
2.9.5 Invalid packet 27
2.9.6 Kernel dispatch packet 28
2.9.7 Agent dispatch packet 28
2.9.8 Barrier-AND packet 29
2.9.9 Barrier-OR packet 29
2.9.10 Small machine model 30
2.10 Requirement: Agent scheduling 30
2.11 Requirement: Kernel agent context switching 31
2.12 Requirement: IEEE754-2008 floating point exceptions 32
2.13 Requirement: Kernel agent hardware debug infrastructure 33
2.14 Requirement: HSA platform topology discovery 34
4 | HSA Platform System Architecture Specification, Version 1.0 Final
HSA PlatformSystem Architecture Specification, Version 1.0 Final | 5
2.14.1 Introduction 34
2.14.2 Topology requirements 36
2.14.3 Agent & kernel agent entry 37
2.14.4 Memory entry 38
2.14.5 Cache entry 39
2.14.6 Topology structure example 39
2.15 Requirement: Images 40
Chapter 3. HSAMemory Consistency Model 43
3.1 What is a memory consistency model? 43
3.2 What is an HSA memory consistency model? 43
3.3 HSA memory consistency model definitions 44
3.3.1 Operations 45
3.3.2 Atomic operations 46
3.3.3 Segments 46
3.3.4 Ownership 47
3.3.5 Scopes 47
3.3.6 Scope instances 47
3.3.7 Packet processor fences 49
3.3.8 Forward progress of special operations 49
3.4 Plausible executions 49
3.5 Candidate executions 49
3.5.1 Orders 49
3.6 Program order 50
3.7 Coherent order 50
3.8 Global dependence order 50
3.9 Scoped synchronization order 51
3.10 Sequentially consistent synchronization order 52
3.11 HSA-happens-before order 52
3.12 Semantics of race-free programs 53
Definitions for a Valid Candidate Execution 53
Conflict definitions 54
Races 54
Program Semantics 54
Corollaries 54
3.13 Examples 55
3.13.1 Sequentially consistent execution 55
3.13.1.1 Synchronizing operations are sequentially consistent by definition 55
3.13.1.2 Successful synchronization between units of execution 56
3.13.1.3 Correct synchronization, safe transitivity with a single scope 56
3.13.1.4 Race-free transitive synchronization through multiple scopes 57
3.13.1.5 Successful synchronization through scope inclusion 58
3.13.1.6 Successful synchronization through scope inclusion and scope transitivity 58
3.13.1.7 Coh and hhb must be consistent 59
3.13.1.8 Separate segment synchronization 59
3.13.2 Sequentially consistent with relaxed operations 60
3.13.2.1 Successful synchronization between units of execution using relaxed atomics 60
3.13.2.2 Store speculation is not observable 61
3.13.2.3 No out-of-thin-air values 61
3.13.3 Non-sequentially consistent execution 62
3.13.3.1 Dekker’s Algorithm 62
3.13.4 Races 63
3.13.4.1 Conflict without synchronization 63
3.13.4.2 Insufficient scope 63
Contents
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