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数据串行化导读

serialization

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介绍数据serialize的绝对好文章.

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A serialization primer

By Ravi Bhavnani

This article is the rst of a 3 part tutorial on serialization.

 Part 1 introduces the basics of serialization.

 Part 2 explains how to gracefully handle reading invalid data stores and

support versioning.

 Part 3 describes how to serialize complex objects.

A serialization primer - Part 1

Serialization is the process of writing or reading an object to or from a persistent

storage medium, such as a disk le. Serializing an object requires 3 ingredients:

 A CFile object representing the datale

 A CArchive object that provides the serialization context

 The object being serialized

Step 1 - Open the datafile

To serialize an object to the le "foo.dat", open the le with the appropriate access

mode. In this example, the le is opened for exclusive read/write access.

// Open file "foo.dat"

CFile* pFile = new CFile();

ASSERT (pFile != NULL);

if (!pFile->Open ("foo.dat", CFile::modeReadWrite |

CFile::shareExclusive)) {

// Handle error

return;

}

Step 2 - Hook up the archive

Next, a CArchive object is hooked up to the le. The archive provides an e+cient

conduit to persistent storage. Instead of directly reading and writing the le, you

serialize data to and from the archive. The archive needs to know if you're going

to be using it to read or write data. In this example, we'll assume we're writing

data.

// Create archive ...

bool bReading = false; // ... for writing

CArchive* pArchive = NULL;

try

{

pFile->SeekToBegin();

UINT uMode = (bReading ? CArchive::load : CArchive::store);

pArchive = new CArchive (pFile, uMode);

ASSERT (pArchive != NULL);

}

catch (CException* pException)

{

// Handle error

return;

}

Step 3 - Serialize the object

Finally, we serialize the object by calling its serialize() method. serialize()

is just a method we made up. It has nothing to with MFC's

CObject::Serialize(). Also, you don't have to derive your object from

CObject. Our serialize() method takes a pointer to a CArchive and returns

an integer status.

int CFoo::serialize

(CArchive* pArchive)

{

int nStatus = SUCCESS;

// Serialize the object ...

...

return (nStatus);

}

We'll get to the actual serialization process in a minute. Meanwhile, let's recognize

a couple of important points:

 The same method CFoo::serialize() is used to read/write the object

from/to persistent storage.

 CFoo::serialize() doesn't know anything about the datale bring

accessed.

Assume CFoo represents an employee record that contains a couple of data

members.

class CFoo

{

// Construction/destruction

public:

CFoo::CFoo();

virtual CFoo::~CFoo();

// Methods

public:

int serialize (CArchive* pArchive);

// Data members

public:

CString m_strName; // employee name

int m_nId; // employee id

};

We use CArchive's streaming operators << and >> to read/write the data

members from/to the archive. CArchive knows how to serialize simple data types

like int, float, DWORD, and objects like CString. The archive also knows

whether it's in read or write mode. You can query its mode by calling

CArchive::IsStoring(). CFoo's serialization method can then be written as:

int CFoo::serialize

(CArchive* pArchive)

{

int nStatus = SUCCESS;

// Serialize the object ...

ASSERT (pArchive != NULL);

try

{

if (pArchive->IsStoring()) {

// Write employee name and id

(*pArchive) << m_strName;

(*pArchive) << m_nId;

}

else {

// Read employee name and id

(*pArchive) >> m_strName;

(*pArchive) >> m_nId;

}

catch (CException* pException)

{

nStatus = ERROR;

}

return (nStatus);

}

Step 4 - Clean up

When you've nished serializing, you should clean up by closing the archive and

datale.

pArchive->Close();

delete pArchive;

pFile->Close();

delete pFile();

Conclusion

Well, there you have it - serialization in a (very small) nutshell. In Part 2, we'll see

how to gracefully handle reading invalid data stores and support di6erent versions

of our object. In Part 3, we'll see how to serialize complex objects.

A serialization primer - Part 2

In Part 1 we saw how to serialize a simple object via a CArchive using a

serialize() method like this:

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Richard_Icefox

2011-12-22

很不错虽然是英文版但是很清晰

数据串行化导读

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