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基于PLC控制的变频调速恒压供水系统的毕业设计
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2011-08-28
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目 录
摘要.....................................................................................................................................................................1
ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................................................1
1. 绪论................................................................................................................................................................3
1.1 变频调速恒水位供水的目的和究意义..............................................................................................3
1.2 变频调速技术的特点及应用..............................................................................................................4
1.3 可编程序控制器的特点及应用..........................................................................................................5
1.4 毕业设计任务.......................................................................................................................................6
2. 水位控制系统的方案设计............................................................................................................................7
2.1 变频器的控制方式...............................................................................................................................7
2.2 变频调速的节能、调速原理..............................................................................................................8
2.2.1 水泵工况点的确定以及变化..............................................................................................8
2.2.2 变频调速恒压供水系统中水泵工况调节过程................................................................10
2.2.3 变频调速恒水位供水系统调速范围的确定....................................................................11
2.3 系统的方案设计.................................................................................................................................11
2.4 系统工作过程.....................................................................................................................................12
3. 控制系统硬件设计......................................................................................................................................14
3.1 主电路设计.........................................................................................................................................14
3.2 控制电路设计.....................................................................................................................................15
3.3 PLC 配置.............................................................................................................................................16
3.3.1 S7-200 型 PLC 的特点......................................................................................................16
3.3.2 PLC 的开关量输入、输出点...........................................................................................16
3.3.3 PLC 的模拟量输入、输出点...........................................................................................17
3.3.4 PLC 的选型.......................................................................................................................17
4. PLC 的设计..................................................................................................................................................18
4.1 编程软件的简介和梯形图的基本绘制规则....................................................................................19
4.2 控制系统主程序设计.........................................................................................................................19
4.2.1 系统初始化程序................................................................................................................20
4.2.2 水泵电机起动程序............................................................................................................20
4.2.3 小功率水泵电机变频/工频切换程序..............................................................................20
4.2.4 水泵电机换机程序............................................................................................................20
4.2.5 阀门开启关闭程序............................................................................................................20
4.2.6 停机程序............................................................................................................................21
4.2.7 报警程序............................................................................................................................21
4.3 控制系统子程序设计.........................................................................................................................21
4.4 控制系统软件的工作过程.................................................................................................................21
4.5 编程中应注意的细节问题.................................................................................................................22
5. 恒水位供水系统的 Fuzzy 控制器的设计..................................................................................................24
5.1 模糊理论和模糊控制.........................................................................................................................24
5.2 模糊控制器的一般结构.....................................................................................................................25
5.3 模糊控制器的设计.............................................................................................................................27
e.........................................................................................................................................................................32
PS.......................................................................................................................................................................32
e.........................................................................................................................................................................32
PS.......................................................................................................................................................................32
文
PS.......................................................................................................................................................................32
PM.....................................................................................................................................................................32
e.........................................................................................................................................................................32
PS.......................................................................................................................................................................32
PM.....................................................................................................................................................................32
PM.............................................................................................................................................................32
PS.......................................................................................................................................................................33
5.4 控制系统的 Simulink 仿真................................................................................................................33
全文总结...........................................................................................................................................................36
参考文献...........................................................................................................................................................38
文
基于 PLC 控制的变频调速恒压供水系统
摘要
本控制系统将模糊控制、PLC、变频器、相应的传感器和执行机构有机地结合起来,
发挥各自优势,并设计了配套的界面美观、操作方便的自动控制系统,使得系统调试和
使用都十分方便,而且大大简化了水厂在管理、数据统计和分析等方面的工作量。实践
证明,本系统不仅满足了生产的需要,提高了整个水厂的整体管理水平,而且仅节约用
电一项就为水厂创造了巨大的经济效益。由于中小型自来水厂的自动化技术改造在我国
有着广泛的前景,本控制系统具有较大的发展潜力和使用价值。
作为高性能的调速传动,直流发电机-电动机调速控制方法长期以来一直应用广泛
但是直流电动机由于换向器和电刷维护保养很麻烦,价格也相当昂贵。使异步电机实现
性能好的调速一直是人们的理想。异步电机的调速方法很多,例如无极调速、有极调速 、
定子调压调速、串级调速、变频调速等。但是因为各种各样的缺点没有得到广泛的应用。
由于变频调速具有调速的机械特性好,效率高,调速范围宽,精度高,调整特性曲线平
滑,可以实现连续的、平稳的调速,体积小、维护简单方便、自动化水平高等一系列突
出的优点而倍受人们的青睐。尤其当它应用于风机、水泵等大容量负载时,可以获得其
它调速方式无法比拟的节能效果。变频调速系统主要设备是提供变频电源的变频器,变
频器可分成交流-直流-交流变频器和交流-交流变频器两大类,目前国内大都使用交
-直-交变频器。
自从通用变频器问世以来,变频调速技术在各个领域得到了广泛的应用。变频调速
恒水位供水设备以其节能、安全、高品质的供水质量等优点,使我国供水行业的技术装
备水平从 90 年代初开始经历了一次飞跃。恒压、恒水位供水调速系统实现水泵电机无
级调速,依据用水位的变化自动调节系统的运行参数,在用水量的变化自动调节系统的
运行参数,在用水量发生变化时保持水压恒定和水位恒定以满足用水要求,是当今最先
进、合理的节能型供水系统。在实际应用中得到了很大的发展。随着电力电子技术的飞
速发展,变频器的功能也越来越强。充分利用变频器内置的各种功能,对合理设计变频
调速恒压供水设备,降低成本,保证产品质量等方面有着非常重要的意义。
新型供水方式与过去的水塔或高位水箱以及气压供水方式相比,不论是设备的投资,
运行的经济性,还是系统的稳定性、可靠性、自动化程度等方面都具有无法比拟的优势,
而且具有显著的节能效果。恒压、供水调速系统的这些优越性,引起国内几乎所有供水
设备厂家的高度重视,并不断投入开发、生产这一高新技术产品。目前该产品正向着高
可靠性、全数字化微机控制,多品种系列化的方向发展。追求高度智能化,系列标准化
是未来供水设备适应城镇建设成片开发、智能楼宇、网络供水调度和整体规划要求的必
然趋势。
在短短的几年内,变频调速恒压供水系统经历了一个逐步完善的发展过程,早期的
单泵调速恒压系统逐渐被多泵调速系统所代替。虽然单泵调速系统设计简易可靠,但由
于单泵电机深度调速造成水泵、电机运行效率低,而多泵调速系统投资更为节省,运行
效率高,被实际证明是最优的系统设计,很快发展成为主导产品。
关键词:模糊控制;PLC;恒压;变频
ABSTRACT
1
The control system of the fuzzy control, PLC, inverter, the corresponding sensors and
actuators organically combine their respective advantages, and supporting design, beautiful
interface, easy operation of the automatic control system, makes the system very easy to debug
and use , but also greatly simplifies water management, statistics and analysis and other aspects
of workload. Practice has proved that this system not only meets the needs of production,
improve the overall management of the water level, and only save on electricity for the water
to create a huge economic benefits. As the automation of technological innovation for small
and medium water plant has a broad prospect in China,
The control system has great development potential and value.
As a high-performance variable speed drives, DC generator - motor speed control method
has long been widely used. But the DC motor commutator and brush maintenance because a lot
of trouble, the price is quite expensive. To achieve good performance induction motor speed
has been one of the ideal. Induction motor speed control in many ways, such as stepless speed,
a very speed, stator voltage speed control, cascade control, frequency control and so on. But
because of various shortcomings have not been widely used. As the frequency control with the
speed of the mechanical properties, high efficiency, wide speed range, high accuracy, smooth
adjustment of characteristic curve,
Can achieve a continuous, steady speed, small size, easy maintenance, high level of
automation in a series of outstanding advantages and much people of all ages. Especially when
it is applied to fans, pumps and other large-capacity load, speed means you can get unmatched
by other energy-saving effect. Frequency control system is mainly to provide variable
frequency power supply device is the inverter, the inverter can be divided into AC - DC - AC
inverter and AC - AC converter into two categories, most of the domestic use of AC - DC - AC
inverter.
Since the inception of general-purpose inverters, inverter technology in various fields has
been widely used. Frequency constant water supply equipment for its energy-saving, safe,
high-quality water quality, etc., so that our water supply industry, technology and equipment
from the early 1990s began to experience a quantum leap. Constant pressure, constant water
supply pump motor speed control system to achieve variable speed, water level changes
according to use automatic control system operating parameters, changes in the water
automatically adjust system operating parameters, changes in water pressure to maintain
constant and the water level constant in order to meet the water requirements,
Is the most advanced and reasonable energy-saving water supply system. In practical
applications has been greatly developed. With the rapid development of power electronics
technology, the inverter function is getting stronger. Full use of the various functions built in
the inverter, the rational design of frequency control water supply equipment, reduce costs,
ensure product quality has a very important significance.
New water supply with past water tower or water tank and high pressure water supply as
compared to both equipment investment, running economy, or system stability, reliability,
automation and so have incomparable advantages, but also has significant energy savings.
Constant pressure, the water supply system, these advantages of speed, causing almost all the
domestic water supply equipment manufacturers attach great importance to and continue to
invest in developing, producing the high-tech products. The product is toward the high
reliability, all-digital computer-controlled, multi-variety series direction. The pursuit of highly
2
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资源评论
- zjautomation2013-11-05对于要写PID恒压供水程序的朋友来说是很好的资料值得参考和借鉴。
- zj7262017-12-28很好的资源
- xxd55912013-07-19不错的资料,很有用
- agsooo2020-06-25不错,挺好的资源,数据分析介绍很详细,其他的就是有些流程图花了,用VISION画更好点!
gx6503
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