ORACLE 数据库实用指南附录
赵元杰
2002 年 11 月 15 日
目 录
附录A：SQL及SQL*PLUS 常用命令参考 ........................................... 10
%FOUND .................................................................. 10
%ISOPEN ................................................................. 10
%NOTFOUND ............................................................... 11
%ROWCOUNT ............................................................... 12
%ROWTYPE ................................................................ 12
%TYPE ................................................................... 13
(+) ..................................................................... 14
@ (“at” 号) ............................................................. 14
@@ ...................................................................... 15
ABS ..................................................................... 15
ACCEPT .................................................................. 16
ACOS .................................................................... 16
ADD_MONTHS .............................................................. 17
ALTER CLUSTER ........................................................... 17
ALTER DATABASE .......................................................... 18
ALTER FUNCTION .......................................................... 19
ALTER INDEX ............................................................. 19
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW ................................................. 20
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ............................................. 20
ALTER PACKAGE ........................................................... 21
ALTER PROCEDURE ......................................................... 21
ALTER PROFILE ........................................................... 21
ALTER RESOURCE COST ..................................................... 22
ALTER ROLE .............................................................. 23
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT .................................................. 23
ALTER SEQUENCE .......................................................... 24
ALTER SESSION ........................................................... 24
ALTER SNAPSHOT .......................................................... 25
ALTER SNAPSHOT LOG ...................................................... 26
ALTER SYSTEM ............................................................ 26
ALTER TABLE ............................................................. 27
ALTER TABLESPACE ........................................................ 28
ALTER TRIGGER ........................................................... 29
ALTER TYPE .............................................................. 29
ALTER USER .............................................................. 30
ALTER VIEW .............................................................. 31
ANALYZE ................................................................. 31
APPEND .................................................................. 32
ASCII ................................................................... 32
ASIN .................................................................... 33
ATAN .................................................................... 33
ATAN2 ................................................................... 34
AUDIT ................................................................... 34
AVG ..................................................................... 35
BFILENAME ............................................................... 35
BLOCK ................................................................... 36
BTITLE .................................................................. 37
CEIL .................................................................... 38
CHANGE .................................................................. 39
CHARTOROWID ............................................................. 39
CHR ..................................................................... 40
CLEAR ................................................................... 40
CLOSE ................................................................... 41
COLUMN .................................................................. 41
COMMENT ................................................................. 42
COMMIT .................................................................. 43
COMPUTE ................................................................. 43
CONCAT .................................................................. 44
CONCATENATE ............................................................. 44
CONNECT BY .............................................................. 45
CONVERT ................................................................. 45
COPY .................................................................... 46
COS ..................................................................... 47
COSH .................................................................... 47
COUNT ................................................................... 48
CREATE CLUSTER .......................................................... 48
CREATE CONTROLFILE ...................................................... 49
CREATE DATABASE ......................................................... 50
CREATE DATABASE LINK .................................................... 51
CREATE DIRECTORY ........................................................ 51
CREATE FUNCTION ......................................................... 52
CREATE INDEX ............................................................ 52
CREATE LIBRARY .......................................................... 53
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW ................................................ 54
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ............................................ 54
CREATE PACKAGE .......................................................... 55
CREATE PACKAGE BODY ..................................................... 56
CREATE PROCEDURE ........................................................ 57
CREATE PROFILE .......................................................... 58
CREATE ROLE ............................................................. 59
CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT ................................................. 59
CREATE SCHEMA ........................................................... 60
CREATE SEQUENCE ......................................................... 61
CREATE SNAPSHOT ......................................................... 61
CREATE SNAPSHOT LOG ..................................................... 62
CREATE SYNONYM .......................................................... 63
CREATE TABLE ............................................................ 63
CREATE TABLESPACE ....................................................... 65
CREATE TRIGGER .......................................................... 66
CREATE TYPE ............................................................. 67
CREATE TYPE BODY ........................................................ 68
CREATE USER ............................................................. 68
CREATE VIEW ............................................................. 69
CURRVAL ................................................................. 70
CURSOR_ALREADY_OPEN ..................................................... 70
DATATYPE ................................................................ 71
DATATYPE —CHAR ......................................................... 71
DATATYPE —DATE ......................................................... 72
DATATYPE —FLOAT ........................................................ 72
DATATYPE —LONG ......................................................... 72
DATATYPE —LONGRAW ...................................................... 73
DATATYPE —MLSLABEL ..................................................... 73
DATATYPE —NUMBER ....................................................... 73
DATATYPE —RAW .......................................................... 74
DATATYPE —ROWID ........................................................ 74
DATATYPE —VARCHAR ...................................................... 74
DATATYPE —VARCHAR2 ..................................................... 75
DECLARE ................................................................. 75
DECODE .................................................................. 75
DEFINE .................................................................. 76
DEL ..................................................................... 77
DELETE .................................................................. 77
DEREF ................................................................... 78
DESCRIBE ................................................................ 78
DROP CLUSTER ............................................................ 79
DROP DATABASE LINK ...................................................... 79
DROP DIRECTORY .......................................................... 80
DROP FUNCTION ........................................................... 80
DROP INDEX .............................................................. 81
DROP LIBRARY ............................................................ 81
DROP PACKAGE ............................................................ 82
DROP PROCEDURE .......................................................... 82
DROP PROFILE ............................................................ 83
DROP ROLE ............................................................... 83
DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT ................................................... 83
DROP SEQUENCE ........................................................... 84
DROP SNAPSHOT ........................................................... 84
DROP SNAPSHOT LOG ....................................................... 85
DROP SYNONYM ............................................................ 85
DROP TABLE .............................................................. 86
DROP TABLESPACE ......................................................... 86
DROP TRIGGER ............................................................ 87
DROP TYPE ............................................................... 87
DROP TYPE BODY .......................................................... 88
DROP USER ............................................................... 88
DROP VIEW ............................................................... 89
DUMP .................................................................... 89
DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX ........................................................ 90
EDIT .................................................................... 90
EMPTY_BLOB .............................................................. 91
EMPTY_CLOB .............................................................. 91
EXCEPTION INIT Pragma ................................................... 92
EXECUTE ................................................................. 92
EXISTS .................................................................. 93
EXIT .................................................................... 93
EXIT .................................................................... 94
EXIT-WHEN ............................................................... 95
EXP ..................................................................... 95
EXPLAIN PLAN ............................................................ 96
FETCH ................................................................... 96
FLOOR ................................................................... 97
FOR-LOOP ................................................................ 98
FORMAT .................................................................. 98
FORMAT —DATE ........................................................... 98
FORMAT —NUMBER ......................................................... 99
GET .................................................................... 100
GLB .................................................................... 100
GOTO ................................................................... 101
GRANT .................................................................. 101
GREATEST ............................................................... 102
GREATEST_LB ............................................................ 103
HEXTORAW ............................................................... 103
HOST ................................................................... 104
IF-THEN ................................................................ 104
IF-THEN-ELSE ........................................................... 105
IF-THEN-ELSEIF ......................................................... 105
INITCAP ................................................................ 106
INPUT .................................................................. 107
INSERT ................................................................. 107
INSTR .................................................................. 108
INSTRB ................................................................. 108
