Open Geospatial Consortium
Approval Date: 2012-03-09
Publication Date: 2012-04-04
External identifier of this OGC
®
document: http://www.opengis.net/spec/citygml/2.0
Reference number of this OGC
®
project document: OGC 12-019
Version: 2.0.0
Category: OpenGIS
®
Encoding Standard
Editors: Gerhard Gröger, Thomas H. Kolbe, Claus Nagel, Karl-Heinz Häfele
OGC City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) En-
coding Standard
Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium.
To obtain additional rights of use, visit http://www.opengeospatial.org/legal/.
This document is an OGC Member approved international standard. This document is
available on a royalty free, non-discriminatory basis. Recipients of this document are
invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of
which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Document type: OpenGIS
®
Encoding Standard
Document subtype: Encoding
Document stage: Approved for public release
Document language: English
ii
Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium.
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OGC 12-019
Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium.
iii
Contents
i. Abstract ..................................................................................................................... ix
ii. Preface and Acknowledgements ............................................................................. ix
iii. Submitting organizations ......................................................................................... ix
iv. Submission contact points ........................................................................................ x
v. Participants in development ..................................................................................... x
vi. Changes to the OGC
®
Abstract Specification ....................................................... xi
vii. Acknowledgments .................................................................................................... xi
Foreword ............................................................................................................................ xii
0 Introduction ............................................................................................................ xiv
0.1 Motivation ..................................................................................................... xiv
0.2 Historical background ................................................................................... xiv
0.3 Additions in CityGML 2.0 ............................................................................ xv
1 Scope ........................................................................................................................... 1
2 Conformance ............................................................................................................. 2
3 Normative references ................................................................................................ 2
4 Conventions ............................................................................................................... 3
4.1 Abbreviated terms ............................................................................................ 3
4.2 UML Notation .................................................................................................. 4
4.3 XML namespaces and namespace prefixes ..................................................... 6
4.4 XML-Schema ................................................................................................... 7
5 Overview of CityGML .............................................................................................. 9
6 General characteristics of CityGML ..................................................................... 11
6.1 Modularisation ............................................................................................... 11
6.2 Multi-scale modelling (5 levels of detail, LOD) ............................................ 11
6.3 Coherent semantical-geometrical modelling ................................................. 12
6.4 Closure surfaces ............................................................................................. 12
6.5 Terrain Intersection Curve (TIC) ................................................................... 13
6.6 Code lists for enumerative attributes ............................................................. 14
6.7 External references ......................................................................................... 14
6.8 City object groups .......................................................................................... 14
6.9 Appearances ................................................................................................... 15
6.10 Prototypic objects / scene graph concepts ..................................................... 15
6.11 Generic city objects and attributes ................................................................. 15
6.12 Application Domain Extensions (ADE) ........................................................ 16
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Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium.
7 Modularisation ........................................................................................................ 17
7.1 CityGML core and extension modules .......................................................... 18
7.2 CityGML profiles ........................................................................................... 23
8 Spatial model ........................................................................................................... 25
8.1 Geometric-topological model ........................................................................ 25
8.2 Spatial reference system ................................................................................ 28
8.3 Implicit geometries, prototypic objects, scene graph concepts ...................... 28
8.3.1 Code lists .................................................................................................................. 30
8.3.2 Example CityGML datasets ..................................................................................... 30
8.3.3 Conformance requirements ...................................................................................... 31
9 Appearance model ................................................................................................... 33
9.1 Relation between appearances, features and geometry .................................. 34
9.2 Appearance and SurfaceData ......................................................................... 36
9.3 Material .......................................................................................................... 37
9.4 Texture and texture mapping ......................................................................... 38
9.5 Related concepts ............................................................................................ 44
9.6 Code lists ........................................................................................................ 44
9.7 Conformance requirements ............................................................................ 44
9.8 Material model of previous CityGML versions [deprecated] ........................ 46
9.8.1 Textured surfaces ..................................................................................................... 47
9.8.2 Conformance requirements ...................................................................................... 48
10 Thematic model ....................................................................................................... 49
10.1 CityGML Core ............................................................................................... 50
10.1.1 Base elements ........................................................................................................... 52
10.1.2 Generalisation relation, RelativeToTerrainType and RelativeToWaterType ........... 53
10.1.3 External references ................................................................................................... 54
10.1.4 Address information ................................................................................................. 54
10.1.5 Code lists .................................................................................................................. 56
10.1.6 Conformance requirements ...................................................................................... 56
10.2 Digital Terrain Model (DTM) ........................................................................ 57
10.2.1 Relief feature and relief component ......................................................................... 58
10.2.2 TIN relief .................................................................................................................. 59
10.2.3 Raster relief .............................................................................................................. 59
10.2.4 Mass point relief ....................................................................................................... 60
10.2.5 Breakline relief ......................................................................................................... 60
10.2.6 Conformance requirements ...................................................................................... 61
10.3 Building model ............................................................................................... 62
10.3.1 Building and building part........................................................................................ 64
10.3.2 Outer building installations ...................................................................................... 68
10.3.3 Boundary surfaces .................................................................................................... 69
OGC 12-019
Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium.
v
10.3.4 Openings .................................................................................................................. 73
10.3.5 Building interior ....................................................................................................... 74
10.3.6 Modelling building storeys using CityObjectGroups ............................................... 76
10.3.7 Examples .................................................................................................................. 76
10.3.8 Code lists .................................................................................................................. 78
10.3.9 Conformance requirements ...................................................................................... 78
10.4 Tunnel model ................................................................................................. 82
10.4.1 Tunnel and tunnel part ............................................................................................. 84
10.4.2 Outer tunnel installations ......................................................................................... 87
10.4.3 Boundary surfaces .................................................................................................... 87
10.4.4 Openings .................................................................................................................. 91
10.4.5 Tunnel interior .......................................................................................................... 92
10.4.6 Examples .................................................................................................................. 94
10.4.7 Code lists .................................................................................................................. 94
10.4.8 Conformance requirements ...................................................................................... 95
10.5 Bridge model .................................................................................................. 99
10.5.1 Bridge and bridge part ............................................................................................ 102
10.5.2 Bridge construction elements and bridge installations ........................................... 104
10.5.3 Boundary surfaces .................................................................................................. 106
10.5.4 Openings ................................................................................................................ 109
10.5.5 Bridge interior ........................................................................................................ 111
10.5.6 Examples ................................................................................................................ 112
10.5.7 Code lists ................................................................................................................ 114
10.5.8 Conformance requirements .................................................................................... 114
10.6 Water bodies ................................................................................................ 119
10.6.1 Water body ............................................................................................................. 121
10.6.2 Boundary surfaces .................................................................................................. 121
10.6.3 Code lists ................................................................................................................ 123
10.6.4 Conformance requirements .................................................................................... 123
10.7 Transportation objects .................................................................................. 124
10.7.1 Transportation complex.......................................................................................... 127
10.7.2 Subclasses of transportation complexes ................................................................. 128
10.7.3 Subdivisions of transportation complexes .............................................................. 130
10.7.4 Code lists ................................................................................................................ 130
10.7.5 Conformance requirements .................................................................................... 130
10.8 Vegetation objects ........................................................................................ 132
10.8.1 Vegetation object ................................................................................................... 134
10.8.2 Solitary vegetation objects ..................................................................................... 134
10.8.3 Plant cover objects ................................................................................................. 135
10.8.4 Code lists ................................................................................................................ 135
10.8.5 Example CityGML dataset ..................................................................................... 135
10.8.6 Conformance requirements .................................................................................... 136
10.9 City furniture ................................................................................................ 137
