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the-gerber-file-format-specification
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gerber文件解析详细说明,全英文,有需要再下。ucamco官网下载 https://www.ucamco.com/en/guest/downloads/gerber-format
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The Gerber Format Specification
A format developed by Ucamco
Revision 2020.09
Copyright Ucamco NV 2
Having a question or remark about the spec? Please contact us at gerber@ucamco.com
Contents
Contents ........................................................................................................................ 2
Preface ........................................................................................................................... 8
1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 9
1.1 Scope and Target Audience ................................................................................ 9
1.2 Further Resources .............................................................................................. 9
1.3 Reference Gerber Viewer ................................................................................... 9
1.4 Questions ............................................................................................................ 9
1.5 Copyright and Intellectual Property ................................................................... 10
2 Overview ................................................................................................................. 11
2.1 File Structure ..................................................................................................... 11
2.2 Apertures ........................................................................................................... 11
2.3 Graphics Objects ............................................................................................... 12
2.4 Draws and Arcs ................................................................................................. 13
2.5 Operations (D01, D02, D03) ............................................................................. 14
2.6 Graphics State .................................................................................................. 15
2.7 Polarity .............................................................................................................. 17
2.8 Blocks ................................................................................................................ 18
2.9 Attributes ........................................................................................................... 18
2.10 Commands Overview ..................................................................................... 19
2.11 Processing a Gerber File ................................................................................ 20
2.12 Glossary .......................................................................................................... 22
2.13 Annotated Example Files ................................................................................ 25
Example: Two Square Boxes ................................................................... 25
Example: Polarities and Apertures ........................................................... 26
2.14
Conformance .................................................................................................. 30
3 Syntax ..................................................................................................................... 31
3.1 Conventions for Syntax Rules ........................................................................... 31
3.2 File Extension, MIME Type and UTI ................................................................. 31
3.3 Character Set .................................................................................................... 32
3.4 Data Blocks ....................................................................................................... 32
3.5 Commands ........................................................................................................ 32
Command Syntax Overview ....................................................................... 32
Block commands ........................................................................................ 33
Extended Commands ................................................................................. 33
3.6
Data Types ........................................................................................................ 34
Copyright Ucamco NV 3
Having a question or remark about the spec? Please contact us at gerber@ucamco.com
Integers ...................................................................................................... 34
Decimals ..................................................................................................... 34
Hexadecimal ............................................................................................... 34
Coordinate Data ......................................................................................... 35
Strings ........................................................................................................ 35
Fields .......................................................................................................... 35
Names ........................................................................................................ 36
4 G
raphics.................................................................................................................. 37
4.1 Comment (G04) ................................................................................................ 37
4.2 Coordinate Commands ..................................................................................... 38
Format Specification (FS) ........................................................................... 38
Unit (MO) .................................................................................................... 38
4.3
Aperture Definition (AD) .................................................................................... 40
AD Command ............................................................................................. 40
Zero-size Apertures .................................................................................... 40
Examples .................................................................................................... 41
4.4
Standard Aperture Templates ........................................................................... 42
Overview..................................................................................................... 42
Circle .......................................................................................................... 42
Rectangle ................................................................................................... 44
Obround ..................................................................................................... 45
Polygon ...................................................................................................... 46
Transparency of Holes ............................................................................... 47
4.5
Aperture Macro (AM) ......................................................................................... 48
AM Command............................................................................................. 48
Primitives .................................................................................................... 50
Exposure Parameter................................................................................... 61
Rotation Parameter .................................................................................... 62
Macro Variables and Expressions .............................................................. 63
Examples .................................................................................................... 66
4.6
Set Current Aperture (Dnn) ............................................................................... 70
4.7 Interpolation State Commands (G01,G02,G03,G74,G75) ................................ 71
Linear Interpolation (G01)........................................................................... 71
Circular Interpolation (G02, G03, G75, G76) .............................................. 72
Example: Single Quadrant Mode ................................................................ 75
Example: Multi Quadrant Mode .................................................................. 75
Valid Arcs ................................................................................................... 78
Numerical Instability in Multi Quadrant (G75) ArcsError! Bookmark not defined.
Using G74 or G75 May Result in a Different Image ................................... 79
4.8
Operations (D01/D02/D03) ............................................................................... 80
Overview..................................................................................................... 80
Interpolate (D01)......................................................................................... 82
Move (D02) ................................................................................................. 83
Copyright Ucamco NV 4
Having a question or remark about the spec? Please contact us at gerber@ucamco.com
Flash (D03) ................................................................................................. 83
Example ..................................................................................................... 84
4.9
Aperture Transformations (LP, LM, LR, LS) ...................................................... 85
Overview..................................................................................................... 85
Load Polarity (LP) ....................................................................................... 87
Load Mirroring (LM) .................................................................................... 87
Load Rotation (LR) ..................................................................................... 87
Load Scaling (LS) ....................................................................................... 88
Examples .................................................................................................... 88
4.10
Region Statement (G36/G37) ......................................................................... 91
Region Overview ...................................................................................... 91
Region Statement Syntax ......................................................................... 91
Valid Contours .......................................................................................... 92
Examples .................................................................................................. 93
Power and Ground Planes ..................................................................... 109
4.11
Block Aperture (AB) ...................................................................................... 112
Overview of block apertures ................................................................... 112
AB Statement Syntax ............................................................................. 112
Usage of Block Apertures ....................................................................... 113
Example ................................................................................................. 114
4.12
Step and Repeat (SR) .................................................................................. 116
4.13 End-of-file (M02) ........................................................................................... 119
4.14 Numerical Accuracy ...................................................................................... 120
Visualization ........................................................................................... 120
Image Processing ................................................................................... 120
5 A
ttributes .............................................................................................................. 122
5.1 Attributes Overview ......................................................................................... 122
5.2 File Attributes (TF) .......................................................................................... 124
5.3 Aperture Attributes (TA) .................................................................................. 124
Aperture Attributes on Regions ................................................................ 125
5.4
Object Attributes (TO) ..................................................................................... 125
5.5 Delete Attribute (TD) ....................................................................................... 126
5.6 Standard Attributes ......................................................................................... 127
Overview................................................................................................... 127
.Part .......................................................................................................... 129
.FileFunction ............................................................................................. 130
.FilePolarity ............................................................................................... 134
.SameCoordinates .................................................................................... 135
.CreationDate ........................................................................................... 135
.GenerationSoftware................................................................................. 136
.ProjectId .................................................................................................. 136
.MD5 ......................................................................................................... 137
.AperFunction ......................................................................................... 139
Copyright Ucamco NV 5
Having a question or remark about the spec? Please contact us at gerber@ucamco.com
.DrillTolerance ........................................................................................ 149
.FlashText ............................................................................................... 149
.N (Net) ................................................................................................... 150
.P (Pin) ................................................................................................... 152
C (Component) ....................................................................................... 154
5.7 Tex
t in the Image ............................................................................................ 155
5.8 Examples ........................................................................................................ 156
6 PCB Fabrication and Assembly Data ................................................................. 158
Structure ................................................................................................... 158
Mandatory Attributes ................................................................................ 158
Alignment ................................................................................................. 158
Pads ......................................................................................................... 158
The Profile ................................................................................................ 158
Drill/rout files ............................................................................................. 159
Drawings and Data ................................................................................... 163
The CAD Netlist ........................................................................................ 163
PCB Assembly Data ........................................... 166
7 Er
rors and Bad Practices .................................................................................... 169
7.1 Errors .............................................................................................................. 169
7.2 Bad Practices .................................................................................................. 172
8 Deprecated Format Elements ............................................................................. 174
8.1 Deprecated Commands .................................................................................. 174
Overview................................................................................................... 174
Axis Select (AS)........................................................................................ 175
Image Name (IN) ...................................................................................... 176
Image Polarity (IP) .................................................................................... 177
Image Rotation (IR) .................................................................................. 177
Load Name (LN) ....................................................................................... 178
Mirror Image (MI) ...................................................................................... 179
Offset (OF) ............................................................................................... 180
Scale Factor (SF) ..................................................................................... 180
8.2 D
eprecated Command Options ....................................................................... 182
Format Specification (FS) Options ........................................................... 182
Rectangular Hole in Standard Apertures .................................................. 183
Draws and Arcs with Rectangular Apertures ............................................ 185
8.3 S
uperfluous Syntax Variations ........................................................................ 185
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