LINUX
KERNEL
IN A NUTSHELL
Greg Kroah-Hartman
Beijing • Cambridge • Farnham • Köln • Paris • Sebastopol • Taipei • Tokyo
v
Chapter 1
Table of Contents
Preface
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ix
Part I. Building the Kernel
1. Introduction
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Using This Book 4
2. Requirements for Building and Using the Kernel
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5
Tools to Build the Kernel 5
Tools to Use the Kernel 6
3. Retrieving the Kernel Source
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12
What Tree to Use 12
Where to Find the Kernel Source 13
What to Do with the Source 15
4. Configuring and Building
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17
Creating a Configuration 17
Modifying the Configuration 18
Building the Kernel 23
Advanced Building Options 26
5. Installing and Booting from a Kernel
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29
Using a Distribution’s Installation Scripts 30
Installing by Hand 31
Modifying the Bootloader for the New Kernel 32
vi
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Table of Contents
6. Upgrading a Kernel
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35
Download the New Source 36
Applying the Patch 38
Reconfigure the Kernel 40
Can’t This Be Automated? 42
Part II. Major Customizations
7. Customizing a Kernel
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45
Using a Distribution Kernel 45
Determining the Correct Module from Scratch 52
8. Kernel Configuration Recipes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63
Disks 63
Devices 66
CPU 71
Networking 75
Filesystems 80
Security 82
Kernel Debugging 83
Part III. Kernel Reference
9. Kernel Boot Command-Line Parameter Reference
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
Module-Specific Options 87
Console Options 88
Interrupt Options 91
Memory Options 92
Suspend Options 94
CPU Options 95
Scheduler Options 97
Ramdisk Options 98
Root Disk Options 99
Init Options 101
kexec Options 101
RCU Options 102
ACPI Options 103
SCSI Options 106
PCI Options 107
Table of Contents | vii
Plug and Play BIOS Options 109
SELinux Options 110
Network Options 111
Network File System Options 111
Hardware-Specific Options 113
Timer-Specific Options 114
Miscellaneous Options 115
10. Kernel Build Command-Line Reference
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117
Informational Targets 117
Cleaning Targets 118
Configuration Targets 118
Build Targets 119
Packaging Targets 120
Documentation Targets 121
Architecture-Specific Targets 121
Analysis Targets 121
11. Kernel Configuration Option Reference
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122
Part IV. Additional Information
A. Helpful Utilities
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161
Managing Your Patches with quilt 163
git 165
ketchup 166
B. Bibliography
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168
Index
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171
ix
Chapter 2
Preface
When the topic of this book was first presented to me, I dismissed it as some-
thing that was already covered by the plentiful documentation about the Linux
kernel. Surely someone had already written down all of the basics needed in order
to build, install, and customize the Linux kernel, because it seemed to be a very
simple task to me.
*
After digging through the different HOWTOs and the Linux kernel Documenta-
tion directory, I came to the conclusion that there was no one place where all of
this information could be found. It could be gleaned by referencing a few files
here, and a few outdated web sites there, but this was not acceptable for anyone
who did not know exactly what they were looking for in the first place.
So this book was created with the goal of consolidating all of the existing informa-
tion already scattered around the Internet about building the Linux kernel, as well
as adding a lot of new and useful information that was not written down
anywhere but had been learned by trial and error over my years of doing kernel
development.
My secret goal of this book is to bring more people into the Linux kernel develop-
ment fold. The act of building a customized kernel for your machine is one of the
basic tasks needed to become a Linux kernel developer. The more people that try
this out, and realize that there is not any real magic behind the whole Linux
kernel process, the more people will be willing to jump in and help out in making
the kernel the best that it can be.
* Disclaimer: I’m a Linux kernel developer by trade, so things that seem basic and simple to me at
times are completely incomprehensible by most people, as my family continues to remind me.
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