深度阅读题答题技巧（按题型分类）
来源：自力教育—沪江英语
四级考试阅读理解中的四不要
从新教学大纲对阅读能力的要求中，我们知道它主要包括阅读速度
和阅读理解两个方面，笔者在西北工业大学学生中做了问卷调查，其中
约 95%的学生认国掌握词汇量太少是影响阅读理解的首要问题；°阅读
速度方面，绝大多数学生认为他们在不同程度上都有以下不良阅读习惯：
（1）“指读”，即为了“集中注意力”，用手指或笔尖指着文章逐词阅
读。一遇到生词，便停顿下来，无法在通篇理解的基础上继续进行阅读。
（2）“唇读”，即有的学生在阅读中寺喜欢读出声来，或即使不出
声，嘴唇了居动，或脑子里也在想着读音，无形当中影响了大脑的思维
速度。
（3）“回读”，即在阅读中遇到生词或不熟悉的短语时，返回句首
甚至段首重读；还有相当多的学生对阅读忆经产生心理定势，即认为自
已第一遍肯定读不懂，因此反复多遍，浪费很多时间。
（4）“译读”，即在阅读过程中，不断地进行膛词逐句的翻译，通
过译成母语来辅助理解。由于没有掌握正确的阅读方法，习惯于在不加
限定的时间内，对一小块文章精雕细琢，导致了逐词阅读接受信息的习
惯。
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四级考试阅读理解技巧（一）
关于主题思想问题（ Subject Matter ）
Subject Matter(SM 中心思想)是作者在文章中要表达的的主
要内容是贯穿全文的核心。作者在文章中努力通过各种 Supporting
Details 来阐明中心议题。因此，把握主要思想对于全文内听理解具有
重要意义。熟悉四级测试的人都知道，这类问题常被列为 5 题之首。然
而，如何找出主题常使考生倍感棘手。因为他们总希望通过某个词或某
句话就能找到答案，而找主题往往需要通读全文后才能作出判断。
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针对 SM 问题，应采用快速阅读法（Skimming）浏览全文，理
解文章主旨大意，阅读时要注意抓住中心思想的句子在文章中的位置也
不同，但阅读时，文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句特别重要，
因为他们往往名包含文章的中心议题（SM）。
根据批发部在内容的不同，这类问题可分杰主题型、标题型和目的
型 。主题型一目了然就是找中心（Main Idea）;标题型是为文章选
择标题（Title）;目的型就是推断作者的写作意图（Purpose）.
这类题常见的命题方式有：
（1） What is the main idea (subject) of this passage ?
（2） What does this passage mainly (primarily)concerned ?
（3） The main theme of this passage is ___________.
（4） The main point of the passage is__________.
（5） Which of the following is the best title for the passage ?
（6） The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is
___________.
（7） On which of the following subject would the passage most
likely be found in a textbook ?
（8） The purpose of the writer in writing this passage _________.
（9） Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole ?
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Example 1:
Oceanography has been defined as "The application of all sciences
to the study of the sea”
Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea
were few and far between .Certainly Newton considered some theoretical
aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further
his work.
For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early
intercontinental travelers or others, who earned a living from the sea,
there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to what
lay beneath the surface, the first time that the question "What is at the
bottom of oceans "? Had to be answered with any commercial
consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to
America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile( 轮
廓)of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be
manufactured.
It was to Maury of US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company
turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s,Maury had
been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(试
探)were taken investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific
Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his
book The Physical Geography of the Sea.
The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made
permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when
it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths,
a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life
in the deeper parts of the sea.
Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872Thomson
led a scientific expedition, which lasted for four years and brought home
thousands of samples form the sea. Their classification and analysis
occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last
volume being published in 1895.
This passage is mainly about_____________.
A) the beginnings of oceanography
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B) the laying of the first undersea cable
C) the investigation of ocean depths
D) the early intercontinental communications
本题问及全篇的中心思想。通过快读（skimming ）我们知道这是
一篇叙述"海洋学"的文章。第一段谈的是关于"海洋学"的定义；第二段
是讲 19 世纪前对海洋感兴对趣的科学家不多；第三段谈到由于有人提
了铺设海底电缆，人们才开始研究"海底深处究竟是什么"；第四段说
Maury 考察北大西洋和太平洋的发现引起广泛的注意；第五段讲修筑
海底电缆过程中发现大量的海洋生物；最后一段是海洋学研究的成果。
可风全篇主要是讲海洋学的研究是如何开展起来的，所以正确答案是
A）。
文章有好几个地方谈到铺设海底电缆 B）和越洋通讯（D），但都
是围绕着海洋学这条主线的。至于 C)，测量海洋深度，只是一个细节，
不可能是文章的中心意思
2．关于标题型
Example:
A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity
for the United States as settlement(新拓居地 ) spread ever farther
westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for along
time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems.
The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the
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