在高中英语复习中,被动语态是一个至关重要的语法概念,特别是在一轮复习阶段。被动语态是用来强调动作的承受者而非执行者的一种表达方式,通常在以下几种情况中使用:
1. **一般现在时的被动语态**:由“be + 过去分词”构成,如例句"You are required to do this."变为"The task is required to be done by you.",动作的执行者可以省略,也可以用介词“by”引出。
2. **一般过去时的被动语态**:同样遵循“be + 过去分词”的结构,例如"The story was told by her."。
3. **一般将来时的被动语态**:使用"will be + 过去分词",如"The problem will be discussed tomorrow."。
4. **现在进行时的被动语态**:"am/is/are being + 过去分词",例如"The question is being discussed in the meeting room."
5. **过去进行时的被动语态**:"was/were being + 过去分词",如"The new road was being made."
6. **现在完成时的被动语态**:"have/has been + 过去分词",例如"The novel has been read."
7. **情态动词的被动语态**:如"The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.",情态动词后面接"be + 过去分词"。
将主动语态转换为被动语态时,主要步骤是将原句中的宾语变为被动句的主语,而主语则变为由介词"by"引导的执行者(如果需要的话)。例如:"They make shoes in that factory."变为"Shoes are made (by them) in that factory."
被动语态在以下情况下特别适用:
- 当动作的执行者不重要或者未知时,比如"Football is played all over the world."
- 当执行者难以确定或者不需提及,例如"My bike was stolen."
- 在翻译含有"据说"、"据悉"等的句子时,如"It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house..."
- 汉语中有"被"、"由"等字时,如"Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao."
- 在某些固定句式或礼貌表达中,如"He was born in October, 1989."或"You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8:00 p.m. tomorrow."
掌握被动语态不仅有助于准确地表达思想,还能使语言更加丰富多样,尤其在学术写作和正式交流中更为常见。因此,在高三英语复习中,对被动语态的深入理解和熟练运用至关重要。通过不断练习和应用,学生可以更好地掌握这一语法点,从而提升他们的英语表达能力。