Network Working Group M. MacFaden
Request for Comments: 3512 Riverstone Networks, Inc.
Category: Informational D. Partain
Ericsson
J. Saperia
JDS Consulting, Inc.
W. Tackabury
Gold Wire Technology, Inc.
April 2003
Configuring Networks and Devices with
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Status of this Memo
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does
not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this
memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
This document is written for readers interested in the Internet
Standard Management Framework and its protocol, the Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMP). In particular, it offers guidance in the
effective use of SNMP for configuration management. This information
is relevant to vendors that build network elements, management
application developers, and those that acquire and deploy this
technology in their networks.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. The Internet Standard Management Framework. . . . . . . . 3
1.2. Configuration and the Internet Standard Management
Frame-work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. Using SNMP as a Configuration Mechanism. . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1. Transactions and SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2. Practical Requirements for Transactional Control. . . . . 6
2.3. Practices in Configuration--Verification. . . . . . . . . 7
3. Designing a MIB Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.1. MIB Module Design - General Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.2. Naming MIB modules and Managed Objects. . . . . . . . . . 11
3.3. Transaction Control And State Tracking. . . . . . . . . . 12
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RFC 3512 Configuring Networks and Devices with SNMP April 2003
3.3.1. Conceptual Table Row Modification Practices. . . . 12
3.3.2. Fate sharing with multiple tables. . . . . . . . . 13
3.3.3. Transaction Control MIB Objects. . . . . . . . . . 14
3.3.4. Creating And Activating New Table Rows . . . . . . 15
3.3.5. Summary Objects and State Tracking . . . . . . . . 15
3.3.6. Optimizing Configuration Data Transfer . . . . . . 18
3.4. More Index Design Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.4.1. Simple Integer Indexing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.4.2. Indexing with Network Addresses. . . . . . . . . . 23
3.5. Conflicting Controls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.6. Textual Convention Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.7. Persistent Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.8. Configuration Sets and Activation . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.8.1. Operational Activation Considerations. . . . . . . 28
3.8.2. RowStatus and Deactivation . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.9. SET Operation Latency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.9.1. Subsystem Latency, Persistence Latency,
and Activation Latency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.10. Notifications and Error Reporting. . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.10.1. Identifying Source of Configuration Changes . . . 34
3.10.2. Limiting Unnecessary Transmission of
Notifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.10.3. Control of Notification Subsystem . . . . . . . . 36
3.11 Application Error Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.12 Designing MIB Modules for Multiple Managers . . . . . . . 37
3.13 Other MIB Module Design Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.13.1. Octet String Aggregations . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.13.2 Supporting multiple instances of a MIB Module. . . 40
3.13.3 Use of Special Optional Clauses. . . . . . . . . . 41
4. Implementing SNMP Configuration Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.1. Operational Consistency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.2. Handling Multiple Managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.3. Specifying Row Modifiability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.4. Implementing Write-only Access Objects. . . . . . . . . . 44
5. Designing Configuration Management Software. . . . . . . . . . 44
5.1. Configuration Application Interactions
with Managed Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
5.1.1. SET Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5.1.2. Configuration Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5.1.3. Tracking Configuration Changes . . . . . . . . . . 47
5.1.4. Scalability of Data Retrieval. . . . . . . . . . . 48
6. Deployment and Security Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
6.1. Basic assumptions about Configuration . . . . . . . . . . 48
6.2. Secure Agent Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
6.3. Authentication Notifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
6.4. Sensitive Information Handling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
7. Policy-based Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
7.1. What Is the Meaning of 'Policy-based' . . . . . . . . . . 51
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RFC 3512 Configuring Networks and Devices with SNMP April 2003
7.2. Organization of Data in an SNMP-Based Policy System . . . 53
7.3. Information Related to Policy-based Configuration . . . . 54
7.4. Schedule and Time Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
7.5. Conflict Detection, Resolution and Error Reporting. . . . 56
7.5.1. Changes to Configuration Outside of the
Policy System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
7.6. More about Notifications in a Policy System . . . . . . . 57
7.7. Using Policy to Move Less Configuration Data. . . . . . . 57
8. Example MIB Module With Template-based Data. . . . . . . . . . 58
8.1. MIB Module Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
8.2. Notes on MIB Module with Template-based Data. . . . . . . 73
8.3. Examples of Usage of the MIB . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 74
9. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 77
10. Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
11. Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
12. Informative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
13. Intellectual Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
14. Editors' Addresses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
15. Full Copyright Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
1. Introduction
1.1. The Internet Standard Management Framework
The Internet Standard Management Framework has many components. The
purpose of this document is to describe effective ways of applying
those components to the problems of configuration management.
For reference purposes, the Internet Standard Management Framework
presently consists of five major components:
o An overall architecture, described in RFC 3411 [1].
o Mechanisms for desc
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net-snmp-5.7.1 (2112个子文件)
snmp-bridge-mib.1 7KB
snmpinform.1 20B
configure.ac 4KB
acl 2KB
README.agent-mibs 20KB
README.agentx 2KB
README.aix 3KB
Makefile.am 24B
authentication 285B
authopts 3KB
autoconf-version 5B
basic_setup 1013B
install-net-snmp.bat 4KB
nmakeperl.bat 1KB
traptoemail.bat 522B
snmpconf.bat 519B
mib2c.bat 516B
build.bat 47B
MSG00001.bin 32B
config.h.borland 21KB
default_store.3.bot 3KB
BUG 1KB
README.build-scripts 3KB
buildpackage-solaris 5KB
snmp_api.c 231KB
mib.c 218KB
traceRouteCtlTable.c 212KB
pingCtlTable.c 182KB
parse.c 167KB
snmpusm.c 151KB
mteTriggerTable.c 132KB
snmp_agent.c 116KB
ipSystemStatsTable.c 116KB
asn1.c 113KB
ipCidrRouteTable.c 107KB
ipIfStatsTable_data_get.c 105KB
cert_util.c 98KB
inetCidrRouteTable.c 93KB
interfaces.c 87KB
ifXTable.c 85KB
inetCidrRouteTable_interface.c 83KB
snmpNotifyFilterTable_interface.c 82KB
ifTable.c 80KB
ipAddressTable.c 79KB
ipCidrRouteTable_interface.c 78KB
read_config.c 78KB
client_intf.c 77KB
agent_registry.c 76KB
ipv6.c 72KB
etherStatsTable_interface.c 72KB
ifXTable_interface.c 68KB
inetNetToMediaTable_interface.c 68KB
snmpNotifyFilterTable.c 67KB
ipAddressTable_interface.c 67KB
winExtDLL.c 66KB
var_route.c 64KB
tcpConnectionTable_interface.c 62KB
snmpDTLSUDPDomain.c 62KB
inetNetToMediaTable.c 62KB
smux.c 62KB
protocol.c 61KB
ifTable_interface.c 60KB
snmpTargetAddrEntry.c 59KB
openssl_aes_core.c 59KB
kernel_sunos5.c 58KB
usmDHUserKeyTable_interface.c 58KB
snmpksm.c 58KB
vacm_vars.c 57KB
snmptrapd_log.c 56KB
dot3StatsTable_data_get.c 56KB
snmp_client.c 56KB
extend.c 55KB
mteTriggerConf.c 54KB
usmUser.c 54KB
mteTriggerThresholdTable.c 54KB
snmpTlstmAddrTable.c 52KB
snmpTargetParamsEntry.c 51KB
etherStatsTable_data_get.c 49KB
table_dataset.c 49KB
vacm_conf.c 48KB
mta_sendmail.c 48KB
hr_swrun.c 48KB
snmpTlstmCertToTSNTable.c 48KB
ipv6InterfaceTable.c 48KB
mteTrigger.c 47KB
snmpTlstmParamsTable.c 47KB
ipCidrRouteTable.c 47KB
ipv6InterfaceTable_interface.c 47KB
ipSystemStatsTable_interface.c 46KB
table.c 46KB
agent_handler.c 46KB
lookupCtlTable.c 46KB
ipIfStatsTable_interface.c 46KB
table_iterator.c 46KB
expObjectTable.c 44KB
usmDHUserKeyTable_data_set.c 44KB
icmp.c 44KB
ipv4InterfaceTable_interface.c 43KB
snmpd.c 43KB
diskio.c 43KB
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