基于深度学习的手语识别

# Sign-Language-Recognition-Based-on-Deep-Learning Jianian Wang 605627507 ## Executive Summary Computer Vision has many interesting applications ranging from industrial applications to social applications. It has also been applied in many support for physically challenged people. For deaf- mute people, computer vision can generate English alphabets based on the sign language symbols. Our team aims to design a camera based sign language recognition system. By placing the camera in a fixed place, a user can performing sign in front of the camera, then the system will classify the sign language symbols using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). After successful training of the CNN model, the corresponding alphabet of a sign language symbol will be predicted. ### Product The majority of the work is in installing the tools, data collection from the camera, data processing, and data analysis through Tensorflow CNN model. For hardware, we employ the Arduino nano 33 ble sense and Arducam Mini 2MP Plus camera module, which can be powered by the Arduino board’s power supply. For software, we focus on coding in Python/Tensoflow to build the Convolutional Neural Network model and output results to users. We will use the American Sign Language (ASL) data set for training and testing, which is provided by MNIST and it is publicly available at Kaggle. ## Background ### Sign Language #### Introduction In the communicative hand gesture taxonomies, sign language (SL) is considered as the most organized and structured form out of various gesture categories. Sign language is an important means of communication among hearing impaired and deaf community[1]. Instead of using oral communication and sound patterns, signs in visual space are used by hearing impaired people for communication. The linguistic studies of sign language have started in 1970s [2]. It contains lingual information which includes different symbols and letters. Sign language symbols are able to indicate all the sign parameters that include hand shapes, movement, location and palm orientation. #### American Sign Language (ASL) American Sign Language (ASL) is a complete, natural language that has the same linguistic properties as spoken languages, with grammar that differs from English. ASL is expressed by movements of the hands and face. It is the primary language of many North Americans who are deaf and hard of hearing, and is used by many hearing people as well(Wikipedia). ### Sign Language Recognition Using Deep Learning The flourishing of deep learning technology brings new opportunities for more accurate and real- time sign language recognition.While Neural Networks have been applied to ASL letter recognition in the past with accuracies that are consistently over 90% [3], many of them require a 3-D capture element with motion-tracking gloves or a Microsoft Kinect, and only one of them provides real-time classifications. The constraints imposed by the extra requirements reduce the scalability and feasibility of these solutions[4]. ## Design Procedure ### Design Overview By placing the camera in a fixed place, a user can perform a sign in front of the camera, then the system will classify the sign language symbols using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). After successful training of the CNN model, the corresponding alphabet of a sign language symbol will be predicted. Below is a diagram for the overall design:  Image data is represented as an array of pixel values. Our camera modules can return images in a variety of resolutions, so we need to ensure they are resized to 28 × 28 pixels. We also need to convert full-color images to grayscale so that they work with the model. ### Hardware Implementation The first goal is the hardware implementation. After purchasing the Arduino nano 33 ble sense board and Arducam Mini 2MP Plus camera online, we need to connect the two parts manually by soldering. To ensure the functionalities of the camera, we will do simple testing through Arduino web editor. ### Aruduino  ### Arducam Mini  ### BreadBoard Circuit  ### Software Implementation ### Database We will employ the American Sign Language (ASL) data set that is provided by MNIST and it is publicly available at Kaggle. This dataset contains 27455 training images and 7172 test images all with a shape of 28 x 28 pixels. These images belong to the 25 classes of English alphabet starting from A to Y. The dataset on Kaggle is available in the CSV format where training data has 27455 rows and 785 columns.  ### CNN Model The input layer of the model will take images of size (28,28,1) where 28,28 are height and width of the image respectively while 1 represents the colour channel of the image for grayscale. The output layer of the model will have 26 neurons for 26 different letters, and the activation function will be softmax since it is a multiclass classification problem. Below is a data sample from the the Kaggle MNIST dataset:  #### Training And Testing After Augmenting the data, the training accuracy after 100 epochs is 93.5% and test accuracy is at around 97.8 %. ## Results ### Image Preprocessing Photos are captured by the camera and preprocessing to 28*28 pixels arrays. Below is a sample for the input gesture "C":  ### CNN Model Prediction After trained model outputs the prediction reuslt as "3", indicating the third alphebic letter "C", which is what we expected:  ## Strength and Weakness The system's strength is that the system can predict a single letter with high accuracy. Based on the built CNN model, a user can try various training databases to achieve different design goals. There are aspects of the system that need to improve. For example, the background of the image can cause preprocessing noise, which attenuates the prediction accuracy. The efficency of the prediction is low and cannot process concurrent or consecutive gesture inputs. ## Reference [1] Wadhawan, A., Kumar, P. Sign Language Recognition Systems: A Decade Systematic Literature Review. Arch Computat Methods Eng (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-019-09384-2. [2] SBadhe PC, Kulkarni V (2015) Indian Sign Language translator using gesture recognition al- gorithm. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on computer graphics on vision and information security (CGVIS), Bhubaneshwar, India, pp 195–200c1. [3] Singha, J. and Das, K. “Hand Gesture Recognition Based on Karhunen-Loeve Transform”, Mo- bile and Embedded 232 Technology International Conference (MECON), January 17-18, 2013, India. 365-371. [4] R. Sharma et al. Recognition of Single Handed Sign Language Gestures using Contour Trac- ing descriptor. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2013 Vol. II, WCE 2013, July 3 - 5, 2013, London, U.K.