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根据鱼的大小,采样站和水文季节,研究了用现金网捕获的来自吉吉河(刚果布拉柴维尔)的300个标本蝇(Bryconaethiops boulengeri)的饮食。 抽样重点是三年中的十二次年度提款。 计算了结合发生率和重量百分比的相对重要性指数,并评估了性别比。 Bulconaethiops boulengeri食用陆地和水生昆虫,以及掉入水中的所有东西(鸟的羽毛,植物残骸,水果等)。 空虚的百分比是所选择的三个采样站的9.66%; 在任何季节,饮食均无明显差异。
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Open Journal of Ecology, 2018, 8, 510-521
http://www.scirp.org/journal/oje
ISSN Online: 2162-1993
ISSN Print: 2162-1985
DOI:
10.4236/oje.2018.89031 Sep. 25, 2018 510 Open Journal of Ecology
Food Habits of Bry con aethiops boulengeri
Pellegrin, 1900 (Characiformes: Alestidae)
of Djiri River Tributary of the Right Bank
of Congo River
M. Mikia
1*
, I. Mady-Goma Dirat
1
, A. Tsoumou
1
, J. Vouidibio
2
1
Research Laboratory of Animal Biology and Ecology, ENS, University Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Congo
2
Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Congo
Abstract
Diet of 300 specimens of
Bryconaethiops
boulengeri
from Djiri
River (Congo
Brazzaville) caught with cash nets was studied according to the size of fish,
sampling stations and hydrological season. Sampling focused on twelve an-
nual withdrawals made during th
ree years. The relative importance index
combining
numerical and weight percentages of occurrence was calculated
and also the sex ratio was evaluated.
Bryconaethiops
boulengeri
consumes
terrestrial and aquatic insects and everything that falls into the water (birds
feathers, plant debris, fruits, etc.). The percentage of emptiness is 9.66%
of the
three sampling stations selected; no significant difference in diet was observed
whatever the season.
Keywords
Djiri River,
Bryconaethiops
boulengeri,
Food Habits, Occurrence, Eclectic
Insectivore
1. Introduction
Bryconaethiops
boulengeri
is an Alestidae widespread throughout the Congo
Basin [1], mostly found in Alima River [2] and in Léfini River [3]. Moreover,
Bryconaethiops
boulengeri,
Bryconaethiops
microstoma
,
Micralestes
stormsi
and
Synodontis
nigriventris
are the most abundant species found in the Djiri
River [4]. However, very little information is available on the biology, ecology,
mainly their food habits. It should be noted that a major study of fishes ecology
How to cite this paper:
Mikia, M., Ma-
dy
-Goma Dirat, I., Tsoumou, A. and Voui-
dibio
, J. (2018) Food Habits of
Brycona
e-
thiops boulengeri
Pellegrin, 1900 (Characi-
formes: Alestidae) of Djiri River Tributary
of the Right Bank of Congo River
.
Open
Journal of Ecology
,
8
, 510-521.
https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2018.89031
Received:
August 7, 2018
Accepted:
September 22, 2018
Published:
September 25, 2018
Copyright © 201
8 by authors and
Scientific
Research Publishing Inc.
This work
is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY
4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access
M. Mikia et al.
DOI:
10.4236/oje.2018.89031 511 Open Journal of Ecology
and ethology conducted in Lake Tumba and Ikela region provided qualitative
data on food habits of
B. boulengeri
[5]. This present study gives information on
nutrition, diet change according to the environment, season and the size of
Bry-
conaethiops boulenge
ri.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
Djiri River is located in the 9
th
district of Brazzaville rises in the southern hiller
Mbé and the high hills that extend to the Batékés plates. Length is about 50 km
covering an area of 853 km
2
, of 850 mm flow by year, the deficit flow is 960 mm,
a flow rate of 27 l/s/km
2
and a flow coefficient of 47%. Djiri River flowing in the
direction NW-SE main tributaries Kouala-Kouala, Bamba and Souo on its left
bank and Bilolo and Bitatolo on its right bank [6]. The sampling area is located
between 04.18117 to 04.13095 South latitude 15.31177 to 015.32192 east longi-
tude (
Figure 1).
Figure 1. Study area (SRTM picture “Shut Radar Mission 2000”).
M. Mikia et al.
DOI:
10.4236/oje.2018.89031 512 Open Journal of Ecology
2.2. Sampling and Analyzes
Fishes were caught in the lower reach of Djiri River during monthly fishing trips
from February 2008 to January 2011. They were immediately fixed in formalin
10% and then transferred the next day in 5% formalin for preservation. Each
specimen was weighted to the nearest milligram and measured (standard length).
The stomach contents were then diluted in water and examined under a binocu-
lar microscope. Different food taxa were sorted and identified, when their state
of degradation permitted, according to Lausanne protocol [7].
2.3. Percentage of Emptiness
The percentage of emptiness was estimated as the following formula.
100
v
t
N
V
N
= ×
N
v
: number of empty stomachs.
N
t
: total number stomachs examined.
2.4. Intestinal Coefficient
The digestive tract has been described from 300 individuals whose are between.
Intestinal coefficient (
C
) is calculated following the formula [8].
Cl
Li
Ls
=
Li
: intestinal length.
Ls
: standard length.
2.5. Percentage of Occurrence
The percentage of occurrence was calculated according to the following formula
[9].
%
100
i
T
n
N
Oc
×=
n
i
= number of stomachs containing a category of preys.
N
T
= total number of full stomachs examined.
2.6. Preponderance Index
To quantify the relative importance of prey, the following indices were calcu-
lated: percentage of occurrence and weight percentage [10]. To avoid biases re-
lated to the use of these indices, the preponderance index [11] that incorporates
these two indices was estimated with the following formula.
( )
%%
100
%%
Oc P
Ip
Oc P
×
= ×
×
∑
Ip
: preponderance index.
%
P
: weight percentage.
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