M. Q. Hou, Y. Liu
10.4236/jss.2019.710004 39 Open Journal of Social Sciences
and rural areas. Therefore, how to build more scientific and reasonable finan-
cial services of village town banks under the call of national policies, so as to
complement the shortcomings of rural finance, help poor areas out of pover-
ty, and achieve inclusive finance and other practical problems are of profound
significance.
Rural banks have been widely discussed in academic circles since their estab-
lishment. Domestic scholars have also conducted in-depth research on the de-
velopment of rural banks from different levels and stages.
Initial development phase (2006 to the end of 2009). Cui (2008) pointed
out that the operation cost of rural Banks was too high, profit space was under
pressure, and there were problems in sustainable development [1]. Yang (2008)
believed that rural banks have obvious institutional advantages, financial service
advantages and corporate culture advantages, but lack the awareness of active
risk management [2]. Sun and Li (2009) compared the operation conditions of
the three rural banks and found that the capital outflow of rural banks was se-
rious, and the proportion of loans related to agriculture was very small [3]. Wu
et al
. (2009) investigated the efficiency level of rural banks through DEA model,
suggesting that rural banks in their initial stage should enhance capital strength
and business income to enhance competitiveness [4].
Catalytic development phase (2010 to the end of 2015). Zhao and Wang
(2010) conducted an empirical study on the initiator, site selection and regis-
tered capital of rural banks, and proposed that the development of rural banks is
contrary to the original intention of policies and requires active guidance from
the government and regulatory authorities [5]. Xie and Wan (2010) pointed out
that the single holding mode of rural banks is not conducive to the participation
of private capital in the reform of the financial system [6]. Ren (2011) believed
that rural banks, as a new type of rural financial institution, should be comple-
mentary rather than competitors in the financial market. Meanwhile, reserve
should not be taken as a performance indicator [7]. Meng
et al
. (2012) found
that the popularization of rural bank network is conducive to reducing financial
exclusion and building the development of diversified micro-finance [8]. Zhang
et al
. (2013) analyzed the moral risks of rural banks, and suggested strengthening
prudential supervision and improving the market withdrawal mechanism of ru-
ral banks to reduce the possible moral risks [9]. Li (2014) pointed out that rural
banks need to change the supervision concept, strengthen the grass-roots super-
vision force, and set up special funds for support [10]. Qiu and Sun (2014) sug-
gested that rural banks need to optimize the equity structure and follow the
road of privatization [11]. Ge
et al
. (2015) found through field research and
empirical research that the rural banks’ rural support and profitability were in
conflict, and the local economic development level was inversely related to the
profitability of rural banks [12]. Wang (2015) encouraged rural banks and lo-
cal governments to strengthen the linkage and cooperative relationship, and at-
tempted the cross-regional flow of capital [13].
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