雷达数字波束形成系统的信道间码分多路复用（IC-COM）架构
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Inter-Channel Code Division Multiplexing (IC-CDM)
Architecture for Radar Digital Beamforming System
Qiang Yang, Qiushi Chen
Harbin Institute of Technology
Harbin, China
E-mail: yq@hit.edu.cn; chenqiushi@126.com
Abstract—In this paper, a novel simplified architecture of
inter-channel code division multiplexing (IC-CDM) for radar
receiver is presented. This architecture uses multi-phase code to
distinguish different channels from the aggregate signal, so that
all array elements can share one set of signal processor instead
of such a device on each element in the previous technology. In
this paper, a computer simulation of HF radar DBF system is
established based on IC-CDM architecture. Simulation result
shows that this method can accurately reconstruct the received
signal without losing information and energy. With IC-CDM,
the structure of radar receiver will be greatly simplified and the
miniaturization will be truly achieved. Besides, this architecture
could apply to both military and civilian radar, and especially
effective for slow moving target detection.
Keywords—radar receiver; digital beamforming; inter-channel;
multi-phase code; miniaturization
I. INTRODUCTION
The radar digital beamforming (DBF) system is an
important part of modern radar, its main task is to process the
received echo signal with interference from targets in radar
antenna, and then translate processed signal into suitable form
for terminal observation and record. The environment of radar
receiver is complex and the working space is limited, so radar
always demands highly in size and weight. Besides, to carry
out multi-target detection and multi-beam requirements, the
DBF system often requires a few hundred or even tens of
thousands receiving channels[1], and each channel should be
fitted with a series of processing units. At the same time, it
also uses a large number of high power electronic components
which can generate high heat in operation, so a large area of
cooling device is required to reduce the operating temperature
of the system, which virtually increases the burden on the use
of space. But at present the existing technology cannot make
these units highly integrated; therefore, the miniaturization of
radar system has widely application value and more important
strategic significance.
Some people put forward the method to achieve the goal of
minimizing volume in every components of DBF system. A
new ultra wideband digital sampling technology is presented
in [2] to realize analog-to-digital conversion instead of rising
commercial integrated ADC; in [3] the parallel multi-channel
method use DSP sub-arrays to integrate and constitute a
large-scaled multi-channel receiver; a new-style TR module is
put forward in [4] with frequency converter and integrated
amplitude-phase controlling stage at intermediate frequency.
These methods are mostly adjustment by layout design,
low-power components, the heat dissipation performance and
integrated processing, it may be save a part of space, but the
effect is still relatively limited. Therefore, the most effective
approach should be improve the processing algorithms in the
receiving system, and it could not need too much processing
unit in structure[5], so as to achieve the aim of reducing the
use of large area hardware, researchers introduced the
multiplexing technology from communication into the
receiver. The spatial multiplexing of local elements (SMILE)
from [6] is a representative scheme, it adopt the method of
training in rotation by diode switch to sample signals from all
channels and finally into a single RF channel. Many
improving method based on SMILE are produced in [7-11]
which are similar to the time-division multiple addressing
(TDMA) scheme. Moreover, in [12] the frequency division
multiple addressing (FDMA) scheme also be focused and
following a channel-level FDMA concept in array to realize
high speed multiple beamforming. The above ideas for
miniaturization of digital receiver are obvious, but there are
still some limitations and restrictions.
This paper is also inspired by the communication
technology, and resulting the simplified architecture of
inter-channel code division multiplexing (IC-CDM) for radar
receiver. This architecture can exactly solve this problem at
the level of signal processing algorithm. Every phase-shifter
corresponds to a series codes of received echoes at different
channels with code-division multiplexing signal modulate
scheme. With the IC-CDM, all elements can share one signal
processing device. Also, it can greatly simplify the structure,
reduce the power consumption, save cost, improve efficiency,
and can easy to maintain and extend.
This paper is organized as follows: In SectionⅡ, the
illustrative architecture is proposed, the signal model and
encoding structure are described; in Section Ⅲ, the encode is
used to verify the performance of recovering radar waveform;
in Section Ⅳ, an example with radar DBF system for testing
the IC-CDM architecture is taken; finally, some conclusions
are drawn in SectionⅤ.
This work was supported by China National Science Foundation under
Grant 61171182.
Auth
ors’ addresses: Q.Yang and Q.Chen, Dept. of Electronic and
Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology,
Harbin, 150001, P.R. China, E-mail: (yq@hit.edu.cn).
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