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Open Journal of Modern Linguistics, 2019, 9, 153-164

http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojml

ISSN Online: 2164-2834

ISSN Print: 2164-2818

DOI:

10.4236/ojml.2019.93015 May 13, 2019 153 Open Journal of Modern Linguistics

An Analysis of Differences between English and

Chinese Tourism Texts

Chunyan Yao

School of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China

Abstract

In the context of globalization, tourism serves as an increasingly important

bridge in the mutual understanding among different countries. Tourism lite-

ratures transmit adequate information about tourist destinations with an aim

to evoke readers’ interests to have a visit. Well-

translated tourism texts help a

lot in attracting overseas tourists. Therefore, it is of great importance to equip

translators wi

th the awareness of the major differences between Chinese and

English tourism texts in order to make the targeted texts informative, accept-

able and attractive to the targeted readers. The two chief differences, dis-

course structures and persuading approache

s in particular, are explored in

this essay. In terms of discourse structures, English tourism texts stress hypo-

taxis and develop linearly in the way of deduction, while Chinese texts em-

phasize parataxis and develop spirally in an inductive way. As for per

suading

approaches, concise and objective descriptions are common in English texts,

but Chinese tourism literatures normally turn to flowery expressions and pa-

rallel structures, quotations as well as rhetoric devices to realize the vocative

function.

Keywords

English and Chinese Tourism Texts, Discourse Structures, Persuading

Approaches, Hypotaxis and Parataxis, Deduction and Induction, Concise and

Objective Expressions, Flowery Expressions, Rhetoric Devices

1. Introduction

Influenced by distinctive geographical environment, developmental history,

production mode and even social structure, Chinese-speaking and Eng-

lish-speaking people have developed different life styles, behavioral criteria, es-

thetic values, thinking modes and language conventions. As the most important

How to cite this paper:

Yao, C. Y. (2019).

An Analysis of Differences between English

and Chinese Tourism Texts

Open Journal

of Modern Linguistics

, 9,

153-164.

https:

//doi.org/10.4236/ojml.2019.93015

Received:

March 19, 2019

Accepted:

May 10, 2019

Published:

May 13, 2019

9 by author(s) and

Scientific

Research Publishing Inc.

This work is licensed under the Creative

Commons Attribution International

License (CC BY

4.0).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Open Access

C. Y. Yao

DOI:

10.4236/ojml.2019.93015 154 Open Journal of Modern Linguistics

media of human communication, the languages have their own distinctive fea-

tures in terms of linguistics, style, language conventions as well as aesthetic

standard. In one sense, as George Steiner has claimed, a study of translation is

that of language (Steiner, 2001). Therefore, the study of tourism translation, as

the term suggests, is that of the language used in the field of tourism. It is quite

necessary to analyze the differences of the two languages when a study on the

translation of tourist materials is done. It is also certain that a contrastive study

of these distinctive features will shed light upon tourism translation. The analy-

sis will be done from the following two major aspects: discourse structures and

persuading approaches.

2. Different Features in Discourse Structures

As we know, belonging to different language families, Chinese and English exhi-

bit the most remarkable difference in the linguistic structure at the lexical level,

the syntactic level and the textual level. Among them, the discourse structures

are far more complex and elaborate as most linguists and translators have

claimed. Moreover, discourse is the highest level where culture deposits. Thus,

the study on discourse structures in the two languages is given prime concern

here.

2.1. Deduction and Induction

An English discourse usually develops in the way of deduction, i.e. the most im-

portant information put at the beginning of a discourse (and a sentence as well),

which is supported by the description of specific details or evidences. While in

Chinese, a discourse normally starts with the description of statement of reasons

or detailed facts and generalizes the whole text with conclusive sentence or sen-

tences, which is called an inductive device. Two typical examples are here to

show the distinction:

EX 1:

San Francisco

You have made it to the “City by the Bay”. Congratulations. And get ready to

have a blast! But where to go, what to do, what to see? These questions can be

overwhelming but take heart: A good way to get a feel of “The City” is to jump

on a Cable Car... Then, if you have a bit savvy, jump on a Cable Car when one is

stopped at a Powell intersection. You will find that the city is smaller but more

wondrous than you might have imagined. But beware, most people who visit San

Francisco for the first time, never want to return home. (Gao & Zhang, 2005: p.

23)

This is an introduction to San Francisco which centers on the topic “Where to

go, what to do, and what to see?” specified at the beginning of the text. The rest

of it stresses on the topic and offers other auxiliary service facilities to go there,

without any quotation or personal feelings. At the end of the text, the charm of

the city is given further emphasis by speaking of most visitors’ responses to it.

Besides, the passage is quite plain and concise in style as well as in the choice of

C. Y. Yao

DOI:

10.4236/ojml.2019.93015 155 Open Journal of Modern Linguistics

words, which adds to its argumentative power.

EX 2: Exeter is an important commercial center for the South West, and suc-

cessfully combines the advantages of a modem city with the charm of one with a

long history and colorful history. Aspects of this history are easily seen in the

medieval Cathedral, the Guildhall and the Quay, which is now a popular water-

front venue. Exeter has a population of 100,000 and has all the shops and cultur-

al and recreational facilities you would expect to find in a thriving university

town. Some of the best countryside in Britain is very close to Exeter. The Dart-

moor National Park is to the west, and Exmoor, which also has spectacular sce-

nery, is to the north. The coastal town of Exmouth, with its sandy beaches, is

about nine miles away. (Kang, 2005: p. 86)

The text begins with the leading sentence which highlights the main features

of Exeter with the rest of the text centering on it. Apparently, the details in the

text work well to convince readers of its importance as a commercial center and

the charm as the combination of modern city and a city boasting of a long and

colorful history.

EX 3: 沿锦绣谷傍绝壁悬崖修筑的石级便道游览，可谓“路盘松顶上，穿

云破雾出。天风拂衣襟，缥缈一身轻”。谷中千岩竞秀，万壑回萦；断崖天

成，是林挺秀，峭壁风壑如雄狮长啸，如猛虎跃涧，似捷猿攀登，似仙翁盘

坐，栩栩如生。一路景色如锦绣画卷，令人陶醉。

In the Chinese text, .the sentence containing the main idea“

一路景色如锦绣

画卷，令人陶醉

”is put at the end, which can be naturally concluded from the

details in the preceding part. Overall, English texts are featured by deduction

and Chinese ones by induction. Of course, not all English tourism texts follow

the deductive pattern or all Chinese counterparts develop themselves in the way

of induction. Deduction sometimes appears in Chinese tourism brochures:

EX 4: 嵩山雄踞五岳之中，不仅是人文景观的宝库，而且是自然景观荟萃

之地。中岳嵩山，翠峰挺拔，气势磅礴，景象万千。嵩山林木葱郁，一年四

季迎送风雪雨霜，生机盎然。峻极峰上松林苍翠，山风吹来，呼啸作响，轻

如流水潺潺，猛似波涛怒吼，韵味无穷。嵩山秋色，少室红叶更是迷人。金

秋季节，群峰盈金，树叶流丹，峡谷山峰，丛丛、簇簇、似火、似霞、娇艳

夺目。

In this instance, the sentence containing the theme is put at the beginning of

the text. Descriptions in the rest of the text center on it and help a lot in showing

the appeal of Songshan mountain as an“

自然景观荟萃之地

”.

2.2. Linear Development and Spiral Development

An English text normally develops in a linear way, while a Chinese text in a spir-

al way. According to Xiao Liming, an effective English description depends on,

among other factors, consistent point of view. However, in Chinese description,

by contrast, the writers “often use changing point of view mixed with the au-

thor’s mental omniscient point of view” (Xiao, 2001: p. 221). Point of view here

means a device for “organizing the description by directing the readers’ attention

to a consistent order and it is the equivalent of perspective in painting” (Xiao,

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