J
. Lake Sci.(湖泊科学), 2009, 21(4): 563-569
http://www.jlakes.org. E-mail: jlakes@niglas.ac.cn
©2009 by Journal of Lake Sciences
太湖流域西氿湖沉积岩芯中重金属污染及潜在生态风险
*1
孙照斌
1,2
, 邴海健
1,3
, 吴艳宏
1**
, 姚书春
1
, 刘恩峰
1
, 李福春
2
(1: 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所, 南京 210008)
(2: 南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 南京 210095)
(3: 中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049)
摘 要: 通过对太湖流域西氿湖沉积物岩芯 XJ2 中 Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr 等 5 种重金属元素总量的分析, 结合测年结果, 揭示
了不同时间段重金属污染物的分布特征, 并利用 Hakanson 潜在生态风险评价法对沉积物岩芯的污染状况及潜在生态风险的历
史变化进行了研究. 结果表明岩芯受 Cd 元素污染最重, 其它 4 种元素较 Cd 则轻得多, 因此 Cd 元素是影响该地区沉积物潜在生
态风险的绝对主导因素. 从 20 世纪初叶开始, 沉积物中的重金属元素污染及其相应的潜在生态风险开始上升, 并且上升幅度不
断加剧, 到 20 世纪 90 年代达到最大值, 沉积物污染及潜在生态风险级别均为“很高”, 随后便开始迅速下降, 然而直到 2004 年
这两个参数仍然维持在“很高”级别.
关键词: 沉积物; 重金属污染; 生态风险; 历史; 西氿湖; 太湖流域
Contamination and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in lacustrine sediment core
from Lake Xijiu, Taihu Basin
SUN Zhaobin
1,2
, BING Haijian
1,3
, WU Yanhong
1
, YAO Shuchun
1
, LIU Enfeng
1
& LI Fuchun
2
(1: Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R . C h i n a )
(2: College of Resource and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, P. R . C h i n a )
(3: Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, P. R . C h i n a )
Abstract: The heavy metal concentrations (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Cr) in sediments from core XJ2 in Lake Xijiu, Taihu Basin were
investigated, and the characters of their temporal distributions were studied on basis of geo-chronological results. Approach of the
potential ecological risk assessment proposed by Hakanson was applied to investigate the history and the relative potential ecological
risks of heavy metal contamination of lacustrine sediments. The results showed that the sediments were polluted by Cd element far
more serious than the rest four elements, so that Cd element was the main factor in heavy metal contamination. From the early
1900s, the heavy metal contamination of sediments and the potential ecological risks increased remarkably. The most serious period,
when the contamination of all the five heavy metals reached their “very high” level, was during the middle 1990s. The indexes of
potential ecological risk dropped afterwards because a result from the adjustment of industrial structure and closing of some heavy
contamination factories by local government, although the contamination conditions and the potential ecological risk were remaining
at the “very high” level in 2004.
Keywords: Sediments; heavy metal contamination; ecological risk; history; Lake Xijiu; Taihu Basin
重金属元素对生物的毒害作用不言而喻, 其不仅可以在生物体内积累, 还会沿着食物链逐级放大
[1]
,
从而产生更大的危害. 沉积物是湖泊水体中重金属最重要的汇, 由于工业发展而产生的大量重金属污染
* 国家自然科学基金项目(40772203)和中国科学院知识创新工程方向性项目(KZCXZ-YW-319-3)联合资助. 2008-05-30 收
稿; 2008-12-08 收修改稿. 孙照斌, 男, 1981 年生, 硕士研究生; E-mail: robinsunny@163.com.
** 通讯作者; E-mail: yhwu@niglas.ac.cn.
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