实例如下所示：
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
data = {'city': ['Beijing', 'Shanghai', 'Guangzhou', 'Shenzhen', 'Hangzhou', 'Chongqing'],
'year': [2016,2016,2015,2017,2016, 2016],
'population': [2100, 2300, 1000, 700, 500, 500]}
frame = pd.DataFrame(data, columns = ['year', 'city', 'populat
