Off-axis focusing and imaging of scaled zone plates and anamorph...
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Off-axis focusing and imaging of scaled zone plates and anamorphic
photon sieves
ZHANG Junyong, ZHANG Liangjun, JIAO Zhaoyang, ZHANG Yanli
Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 390 Qinghe Road,
Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, China
Abstract
Zone plates and photon sieves can be used to focus soft X-rays and hard X-rays. Relative to the parallel plane wave
incidence and focusing on the optical axis, we here present two different models to describe the other kinds of focusing
properties. The former, the scaled zone plates or photon sieves are appropriate for the titled plane wave to image, which
can alter the propagation direction. The latter, the eccentric elliptical zone plates or photon sieves are appropriate for the
point-to-point off-axis focusing. Based on the above-mentioned models, the different algorithms are discussed in detail
under the condition of different numerical apertures. Furthermore, the correctness of our model has been verified through
the commercial software VirtualLAB. The obtained results can be used for the analysis, design, and simulation of
different zone plates and photon sieves, meanwhile the non-coaxial characteristics can increase the flexibility of the
optical system.
Key words: Paraxial wave optics; Coherence imaging; Propagating methods; Soft x-rays; X-ray imaging.
1. INTRODUCTION
The nano-focusing and nano-imaging of soft or hard X-rays and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation have many
applications. However, refractive lenses are prevented from the imaging and focusing in these spectral regions because
of strong absorption of solid materials. Traditional Fresnel zone plates (TFZPs) can be used for this kind of focusing [1-
3], but its resolution is approximately the order of the width of the outermost zone [4-6]. In 2001, Kipp et al. suggested
the novel diffractive optical element of ‘photon sieve’ (PS), which consists of a great number of circular pinholes
properly distributed over the Fresnel zones [7]. Photon sieve makes it possible to focus soft X-rays to spot sizes smaller
than the diameter of the smallest pinhole [8-10].
As the important theoretical works, various types of zone plates are constructed. The Fresnel zone plates (FZP) and
linear zone plates (LZP) are found to be suitable as spherical and cylindrical lens substitute for all experiments which use
laser source that operate in the UV region [11-12]. While the elliptical zone plates (EZP) and hyperbolic zone plates
(HZP) can be constructed as planar topological representatives of elliptical and hyperbolic wave fronts [13]. The above-
mentioned zone plates can not only be analytical but also be accurately designed. However, preserving the cylindrical
Selected Papers from Conferences of the Photoelectronic Technology Committee of the Chinese Society
of Astronautics, edited by J. Ojeda-Castaneda, S. Han, P. Jia, J. Fang, D. Fan, L. Qian, Y. Gu, X. Yan,
Proc. of SPIE Vol. 9142, 91420S · © 2014 SPIE · CCC code: 0277-786X/14/$18 · doi: 10.1117/12.2054372
Proc. of SPIE Vol. 9142 91420S-1
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