玉米自交系苗期耐低磷基因型评价与筛选
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中国科技论文在线
玉米自交系苗期耐低磷基因型评价与筛选
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张力天，李嘉，李梦璐，卢艳丽
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基金项目：教育部博士点基金（新教师类）（20115103120001）
作者简介：张力天（1987-），男，硕士在读，主要研究方向：玉米遗传育种
通信联系人：卢艳丽（1982-），女，研究员，主要研究方向：玉米分子育种. E-mail: luyanli@sicau.edu.cn
（四川农业大学玉米研究所，成都，611130）
5
摘要：缺磷是发展玉米生产所面临的限制因素之一。本研究在低磷胁迫和正常供磷条件下，
对 456 份玉米自交系苗期 7 个性状进行遗传评价。方差分析表明：相同处理下自交系之间的
差异和自交系在不同处理间的差异均达到极显著水平。不同性状间遗传率估计存在明显差
异，其中干重具有较高遗传率，而广泛使用的耐低磷评价指标根冠比的遗传率不高。利用综
合指数可以将供试材料划分为低磷敏感、中等耐低磷和高耐低磷的 3 个等级类群。根据耐低10
磷的选择指标建立的多元逐步回归模型，在低磷和正常供磷条件下可以分别解释总干重变异
的 67.8%和 76.8%。联合干重的耐低磷指数与综合指数的标准，共筛选出 23 份高耐低磷和
109 份低磷敏感的玉米自交系，可用于今后玉米耐低磷的遗传改良。
关键词：玉米，低磷胁迫，苗期性状，耐低磷评价
中图分类号：S513 15
Screening maize germplasm for low-phosphorus tolerance
using seedling traits
ZHANG Litian, LI Jia, LI Menglu, LU Yanli
(Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130) 20
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the major limiting factors in maize production in
many developing countries. This experiment was conducted to evaluate multiple low P tolerance
criteria and identify the suitable maize germplasm for our future low-P tolerance breeding. A total
of 456 diverse maize inbreds were evaluated for low-P tolerance at seedling stage using three
shoot-related traits and four root-related traits measured under applied phosphorus (AP) and 25
non-applied phosphorus (NAP) conditions. Analysis of variance revealed significant genetic
variation among genotypes for all tested traits. Medium-to-high heritability estimates were
obtained for most traits. Dry weight (DW) was highly inheritable while the widely used root/shoot
(R/S) ratio had only an intermediate level of heritability. Based on the synthetic index (SI), the all
tested inbreds were classified into three groups representing low, moderate and high tolerance to 30
low P stress. Regression model built based on selection criteria for low P tolerance explained
67.8% and 76.8% of variation for DW under NAP and AP conditions, respectively. Using joint
low P tolerance index (LPTI) for DW and SI as selection criterion, 23 and 109 maize inbreds were
identified as high and low P tolerance germplasm, respectively, which could be further used for
genetic improvement of low P tolerance. 35
Key words: Maize；Phosphorus (P) deficiency；Seedling traits；Low-P tolerance evaluation
0 引言
玉米是一种被广泛栽培的谷物。它不仅仅是作为一种主要的粮食作物，而且已经广泛用
于制造生物能源
[1]
。据估计，到 2020 年，全球对于玉米的需求量会超过小麦和水稻，提高40
玉米产量迫在眉睫
[2]
。
磷是植物生长和谷物生产所需的大量元素之一，在植物的呼吸和光合作用以及细胞能量
代谢中不可或缺
[3]
，但在土壤中难被吸收利用
[4, 5]
。据估计，全球有 57 亿公顷的耕地缺磷，
严重限制了粮食作物生产
[6, 7]
。土壤缺磷和作物对磷的利用率低是作物生产中最大的两个限
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