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单片机课程设计《PWM直流电动机调速控制系统》.doc
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单片机课程设计《PWM直流电动机调速控制系统》
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risk managers with two account manager to deal with the above key. Section I of chapter III risk management requirements pre-loan investigation pre-loan investigation should double handle. Pre-loan investigation dominated by field investigations on the ground, while utilizing credit enquiries, telephone enquiries, bank information system query-related personnel, and so on. Interview system of Bank's strict application of the system of personal credit business interview. Investigators should work with borrowers, to the repayment or the guarantor credit business, such as parties and the spouse of confirmed acts such as loans, guarantees, verification of its authenticity and its rights and obligations in the credit business, retain these signed transcript of the interview, from the first step to prevent false loans and other business risks. Investigator should retain the borrower sign a personal loan application, loan applications should be clearly the amount, purpose, duration and other information. Investigators should follow the practice for information collection and verification of data authenticity it carefully, and keep copies, photocopies must be checked against the original agreement, effectively preventing borrowers using false information to apply for credit. Income and occupation, and other key information to verify authenticity investigators should carefully verifying the borrower's income. To income as the main source of repayment, subject to proof of income is required, but should also audit payroll flowing water, and staff than the peer confirmed the authenticity of the same type; operating income as the main source of repayment, and should refer to the working capital loans required to verify real incomes, accuracy; guard no ability to repay or guarantee of the ability of the borrower, guarantor to obtain credit. Given that some products for an object to have a specific professional restrictions
《单片机原理及接口技术》
课 程 设 计 报 告
课 题 名 称
P W M 直 流 电 动 机 调 速 控
制 系 统
学 院
自 动 控 制 与 机 械 工 程 学
院
专 业
机 械 设 计 制 造 及 自 动 化
班 级
姓 名
( 学 号 )
时 间
2 0 1 2 - 1 - 9
摘 要
直流电机具有良好的启动性能和调速特性,它的特点是启动转矩大,能在宽
广的范围内平滑、经济地调速,转速控制容易,调速后效率很高。
本文设计的直流电机调速系统,主要由 51 单片机、电源、H 桥驱动电路、LED
液晶显示器、霍尔测速电路以及独立按键组成的电子产品。电源采用 78 系列芯
片实现+5V、+15V 对电机的调速采用 PWM 波方式,PWM 是脉冲宽度调制,通过 51
单片机改变占空比实现。通过独立按键实现对电机的启停、调速、转向的人工控

risk managers with two account manager to deal with the above key. Section I of chapter III risk management requirements pre-loan investigation pre-loan investigation should double handle. Pre-loan investigation dominated by field investigations on the ground, while utilizing credit enquiries, telephone enquiries, bank information system query-related personnel, and so on. Interview system of Bank's strict application of the system of personal credit business interview. Investigators should work with borrowers, to the repayment or the guarantor credit business, such as parties and the spouse of confirmed acts such as loans, guarantees, verification of its authenticity and its rights and obligations in the credit business, retain these signed transcript of the interview, from the first step to prevent false loans and other business risks. Investigator should retain the borrower sign a personal loan application, loan applications should be clearly the amount, purpose, duration and other information. Investigators should follow the practice for information collection and verification of data authenticity it carefully, and keep copies, photocopies must be checked against the original agreement, effectively preventing borrowers using false information to apply for credit. Income and occupation, and other key information to verify authenticity investigators should carefully verifying the borrower's income. To income as the main source of repayment, subject to proof of income is required, but should also audit payroll flowing water, and staff than the peer confirmed the authenticity of the same type; operating income as the main source of repayment, and should refer to the working capital loans required to verify real incomes, accuracy; guard no ability to repay or guarantee of the ability of the borrower, guarantor to obtain credit. Given that some products for an object to have a specific professional restrictions
2
制,LED 实现对测量数据(速度)的显示。电机转速利用霍尔传感器检测输出方
波,通过 51 单片机对 1 秒内的方波脉冲个数进行计数,计算出电机的速度,实
现了直流电机的反馈控制。
关键词:直流电机调速;H 桥驱动电路;LED 显示器;51 单片机
ABSTRACT
DC motor has a good startup performance and speed characteristics, it is
characterized by starting torque, maximum torque, in a wide range of smooth,
economical speed, speed, easy control, speed control after the high efficiency. This
design of DC motor speed control system, mainly by the microcontroller 51, power
supply, H-bridge driver circuits, LED liquid crystal display, the Hall velocity and
independent key component circuits of electronic products. Power supply with 78
series chip +5 V, +15 V for motor speed control using PWM wave mode, PWM is a
pulse width modulation, duty cycle by changing the MCU 51. Achieved through

risk managers with two account manager to deal with the above key. Section I of chapter III risk management requirements pre-loan investigation pre-loan investigation should double handle. Pre-loan investigation dominated by field investigations on the ground, while utilizing credit enquiries, telephone enquiries, bank information system query-related personnel, and so on. Interview system of Bank's strict application of the system of personal credit business interview. Investigators should work with borrowers, to the repayment or the guarantor credit business, such as parties and the spouse of confirmed acts such as loans, guarantees, verification of its authenticity and its rights and obligations in the credit business, retain these signed transcript of the interview, from the first step to prevent false loans and other business risks. Investigator should retain the borrower sign a personal loan application, loan applications should be clearly the amount, purpose, duration and other information. Investigators should follow the practice for information collection and verification of data authenticity it carefully, and keep copies, photocopies must be checked against the original agreement, effectively preventing borrowers using false information to apply for credit. Income and occupation, and other key information to verify authenticity investigators should carefully verifying the borrower's income. To income as the main source of repayment, subject to proof of income is required, but should also audit payroll flowing water, and staff than the peer confirmed the authenticity of the same type; operating income as the main source of repayment, and should refer to the working capital loans required to verify real incomes, accuracy; guard no ability to repay or guarantee of the ability of the borrower, guarantor to obtain credit. Given that some products for an object to have a specific professional restrictions
3
independent buttons start and stop the motor, speed control, turning the manual
control, LED realize the measurement data (speed) of the display. Motor speed using
Hall sensor output square wave, by 51 seconds to 1 microcontroller square wave
pulses are counted to calculate the speed of the motor to achieve a DC motor feedback
control.
Keywords: DC motor speed control;H bridge driver circuit;LED display
目 录
摘 要..........................................................2
ABSTRACT........................................................3
目 录..........................................................4
第 1 章 引 言...................................................5
1.1 概况.......................................................5
1.2 国内外发展现状.............................................5
1.3 要求 .......................................................6
1.4 设计目的和意义.............................................7
第 2 章 方案论证和选择...........................................9
2.1 电机调速控制模块............................................9
2.2 PWM 调速工作方式 ...........................................9

risk managers with two account manager to deal with the above key. Section I of chapter III risk management requirements pre-loan investigation pre-loan investigation should double handle. Pre-loan investigation dominated by field investigations on the ground, while utilizing credit enquiries, telephone enquiries, bank information system query-related personnel, and so on. Interview system of Bank's strict application of the system of personal credit business interview. Investigators should work with borrowers, to the repayment or the guarantor credit business, such as parties and the spouse of confirmed acts such as loans, guarantees, verification of its authenticity and its rights and obligations in the credit business, retain these signed transcript of the interview, from the first step to prevent false loans and other business risks. Investigator should retain the borrower sign a personal loan application, loan applications should be clearly the amount, purpose, duration and other information. Investigators should follow the practice for information collection and verification of data authenticity it carefully, and keep copies, photocopies must be checked against the original agreement, effectively preventing borrowers using false information to apply for credit. Income and occupation, and other key information to verify authenticity investigators should carefully verifying the borrower's income. To income as the main source of repayment, subject to proof of income is required, but should also audit payroll flowing water, and staff than the peer confirmed the authenticity of the same type; operating income as the main source of repayment, and should refer to the working capital loans required to verify real incomes, accuracy; guard no ability to repay or guarantee of the ability of the borrower, guarantor to obtain credit. Given that some products for an object to have a specific professional restrictions
4
2.3 PWM 调脉宽方式 .............................................9
2.4 PWM 软件实现方式 ...........................................9
第 3 章 系统硬件电路设计........................................11
3.1 信号输入电路 ...............................................12
3.2 电机 PWM 驱动模块的电路 .....................................13
第 4 章 系统的软件设计..........................................14
4.1 单片机选择.................................................14
4.2 系统软件设计分析 ...........................................14
第 5 章 单片机系统综合调试.....................................17
5.1 PROTEUS 设计与仿真平台 .....................................17
5.2 PROTEUS 设计与单片机传统开发过程比较 .......................18
5.3 仿真结果与分析.............................................18
结束语 .........................................................21
致 谢 ..........................................................22
参考文献 .....................................................23
附录 ...........................................................24
第 1 章 引 言
1.1 概况
现代工业的电力拖动一般都要求局部或全部的自动化,因此必然要与各种控
制元件组成的自动控制系统联系起来,而电力拖动则可视为自动化电力拖动系统
的简称。在这一系统中可对生产机械进行自动控制。
随着近代电力电子技术和计算机技术的发展以及现代控制理论的应用,自动
化电力拖动正朝着计算机控制的生产过程自动化的方向迈进。以达到高速、优质、
高效率地生产。在大多数综合自动化系统中,自动化的电力拖动系统仍然是不可
缺少的组成部分。另外,低成本自动化技术与设备的开发,越来越引起国内外的
注意。特别对于小型企业,应用适用技术的设备,不仅有益于获得经济效益,而
且能提高生产率、可靠性与柔性,还有易于应用的优点。自动化的电力拖动系统

risk managers with two account manager to deal with the above key. Section I of chapter III risk management requirements pre-loan investigation pre-loan investigation should double handle. Pre-loan investigation dominated by field investigations on the ground, while utilizing credit enquiries, telephone enquiries, bank information system query-related personnel, and so on. Interview system of Bank's strict application of the system of personal credit business interview. Investigators should work with borrowers, to the repayment or the guarantor credit business, such as parties and the spouse of confirmed acts such as loans, guarantees, verification of its authenticity and its rights and obligations in the credit business, retain these signed transcript of the interview, from the first step to prevent false loans and other business risks. Investigator should retain the borrower sign a personal loan application, loan applications should be clearly the amount, purpose, duration and other information. Investigators should follow the practice for information collection and verification of data authenticity it carefully, and keep copies, photocopies must be checked against the original agreement, effectively preventing borrowers using false information to apply for credit. Income and occupation, and other key information to verify authenticity investigators should carefully verifying the borrower's income. To income as the main source of repayment, subject to proof of income is required, but should also audit payroll flowing water, and staff than the peer confirmed the authenticity of the same type; operating income as the main source of repayment, and should refer to the working capital loans required to verify real incomes, accuracy; guard no ability to repay or guarantee of the ability of the borrower, guarantor to obtain credit. Given that some products for an object to have a specific professional restrictions
5
更是低成本自动化系统的重要组成部分。
在如今的现实生活中,自动化控制系统已在各行各业得到广泛的应用和发展,
其中自动调速系统的应用则起着尤为重要的作用。虽然直流电机不如交流电机那
样结构简单、价格便宜、制造方便、容易维护,但是它具有良好的起、制动性能,
宜于在广泛的范围内平滑调速,所以直流调速系统至今仍是自动调速系统中的主
要形式。现在电动机的控制从简单走向复杂,并逐渐成熟成为主流。其应用领域
极为广泛,例如:军事和宇航方面的雷达天线、火炮瞄准、惯性导航等的控制;
工业方面的数控机床、工业机器人、印刷机械等设备的控制;计算机外围设备和
办公设备中的打印机、传真机、复印机、扫描仪等的控制;音像设备和家用电器
中的录音机、数码相机、洗衣机、空调等的控制。
随着电力电子技术的发展,开关速度更快、控制更容易的全控型功率器件
MOSFET和IGBT成为主流,脉宽调制技术表现出较大的优越性:主电路线路简
单,需要用的功率元件少;开关频率高,电流容易连续,谐波少,电机损耗和发
热都较小;低速性能好,稳速精度高,因而调速范围宽;系统快速响应性能好,
动态抗扰能力强;主电路元件工作在开关状态,导通损耗小,装置效率较高;近
年来,微型计算机技术发展速度飞快,以计算机为主导的信息技术作为一崭新的
生产力,正向社会的各个领域渗透,直流调速系统向数字化方向发展成为趋势。
1.2 国内外发展现状
电力电子技术、功率半导体器件的发展对电机控制技术的发展影响极大,它
们是密切相关、相互促进的。近 30 年来,电力电子技术的迅猛发展,带动和改
变着电机控制的面貌和应用。驱动电动机的控制方案有三种:工作在通断两个状
态的开关控制、相位控制和脉宽调制控制,在单向通用电动机的电子驱动电路中,
主要的器件是晶闸管,后来是用相位控制的双向可控硅。在这以后,这种半控型
功率器件一直主宰着电机控制市场。到 70 和 80 年代才先后出现了全控型功率器
件 GTO 晶闸管、GTR、POWER-MOSFET、IGBT 和 MCT 等。利用这种有自关
断能力的器件,取消了原来普通晶闸管系统所必需的换相电路,简化了电路结构,
提高了效率,提高了工作频率,降低了噪声,也缩小了电力电子装置的体积和重
量。后来,谐波成分大、功率因数差的相控变流器逐步由斩波器或 PWM 变流器
所代替,明显地扩大了电机控制的调运范围,提高了调速精度,改善了快速性、
效率和功率因数。
直流电机脉冲宽度调制(Pulse Width Modulation-简称 PWM)调速系统产生于 70
年代中期。最早用于不可逆、小功率驱动,例如自动跟踪天文望远镜、自动记录
仪表等 。近十多年来,由于晶体管器件水平的提高及电路 技术的发展,同时又
因出现了宽调速永磁直流电机,它们之间的结合促使 PWM 技术的高速发展,并
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