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Learn only the essential aspects of Python without cluttering up your mind with features you may never use. This compact book is not a “best way to write code” type of book; rather, the author goes over his most-used functions, which are all you need to know as a beginner and some way beyond. Lean Python takes 58 Python methods and functions and whittles them down to 15: as author Paul Gerrard says, “I haven’t found a need for the rest.” What You’ll Learn Discover lean Python and how to learn just enough to build useful tools Use Python objects, program structure, I/O, modules and more Handle errors and exceptions Test your code Access the Web; do searching; and persist data
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Lean Python: Learn Just Enough Python to Build Useful Tools
Paul Gerrard
Maidenhead, Berkshire, United Kingdom
ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4842-2384-0 ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4842-2385-7
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4842-2385-7
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016958723
Copyright © 2016 by Paul Gerrard
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission
or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or
dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
Trademarked names, logos, and images may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol
with every occurrence of a trademarked name, logo, or image we use the names, logos, and images only
in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of
the trademark.
The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are
not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject
to proprietary rights.
While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of
publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for
any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with
respect to the material contained herein.
Managing Director: Welmoed Spahr
Lead Editor: Steve Anglin
Technical Reviewer: Michael Thomas
Editorial Board: Steve Anglin, Pramila Balan, Laura Berendson, Aaron Black, Louise Corrigan,
Jonathan Gennick, Robert Hutchinson, Celestin Suresh John, Nikhil Karkal, James Markham,
Susan McDermott, Matthew Moodie, Natalie Pao, Gwenan Spearing
Coordinating Editor: Mark Powers
Copy Editor: Teresa F. Horton
Compositor: SPi Global
Indexer: SPi Global
Artist: SPi Global
Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer Science+Business Media New York,
233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10013. Phone 1-800-SPRINGER, fax (201) 348-4505, e-mail
orders-ny@springer-sbm.com , or visit www.springeronline.com . Apress Media, LLC is a California LLC
and the sole member (owner) is Springer Science + Business Media Finance Inc (SSBM Finance Inc).
SSBM Finance Inc is a Delaware corporation.
For information on translations, please e-mail
rights@apress.com , or visit www.apress.com .
Apress and friends of ED books may be purchased in bulk for academic, corporate, or promotional use.
eBook versions and licenses are also available for most titles. For more information, reference our
Special Bulk Sales–eBook Licensing web page at www.apress.com/bulk-sales .
Any source code or other supplementary materials referenced by the author in this text are available
to readers at www.apress.com . For detailed information about how to locate your book’s source code,
go to www.apress.com/source-code/ . Readers can also access source code at SpringerLink in the
Supplementary Material section for each chapter.
Printed on acid-free paper
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iii
Contents at a Glance
About the Author .............................................................................. xi
About the Technical Reviewer ........................................................ xiii
Preface ............................................................................................ xv
Acknowledgments ........................................................................ xxiii
■Chapter 1: Getting Started .............................................................. 1
■Chapter 2: Python Objects ............................................................ 11
■Chapter 3: Program Structure ...................................................... 25
■Chapter 4: Input and Output ......................................................... 35
■Chapter 5: Using Modules............................................................. 43
■Chapter 6: Object Orientation ....................................................... 47
■Chapter 7: Exception and Error Handling ..................................... 53
■Chapter 8: Testing Your Code ........................................................ 57
■Chapter 9: Accessing the Web ...................................................... 63
■Chapter 10: Searching .................................................................. 67
■Chapter 11: Databases ................................................................. 75
■Chapter 12: What Next? ................................................................ 79
■Appendix .......................................................................................83
Index ................................................................................................ 85
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v
Contents
About the Author .............................................................................. xi
About the Technical Reviewer ........................................................ xiii
Preface ............................................................................................ xv
Acknowledgments ........................................................................ xxiii
■Chapter 1: Getting Started .............................................................. 1
The Python Interpreter ............................................................................ 1
Interactive Mode .......................................................................................................1
Command-Line Mode ...............................................................................................3
Coding, Testing and Debugging Python Programs ................................... 3
Comments, Code Blocks, and Indentation ............................................... 4
Variables .................................................................................................. 5
Common Assignment Operations .............................................................................5
Other Assignment Operations ...................................................................................6
Python Keywords ......................................................................................................6
Special Identifi ers .....................................................................................................7
Python Modules ....................................................................................... 8
Typical Program Structure ....................................................................... 8
■Chapter 2: Python Objects ............................................................ 11
Object Types .......................................................................................... 11
Factory Functions .................................................................................. 11
Numbers ................................................................................................ 12
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