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Rec. ITU-R BT.709-1 1
RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BT.709-1
BASIC PARAMETER VALUES FOR THE HDTV STANDARD FOR THE
STUDIO AND FOR INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME EXCHANGE
(Question ITU-R 27/11)
(1990-1994)
Rec. ITU-R BT.709-1
The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly,
considering
a) that the parameter values of an HDTV studio standard need to be chosen to facilitate:
– the production of HDTV programmes,
– the international exchange of HDTV programmes,
– the introduction of HDTV broadcasting services, and
– the use of HDTV for non-broadcast purposes;
b) that this work is the subject of Question ITU-R 27/11;
c) that there are large benefits to programme producers and broadcasters in the adoption of a single world-wide
standard for HDTV programme production and international programme exchange;
d) that broadcasters and programme producers have a requirement for joint, international production in HDTV;
e) that the HDTV studio standard must be harmonized with those of current and developing television systems
and with those of existing motion-picture film,
recommends
1. that the following parameters be used in the generation of signals in high-definition television studios and for
international exchange of HDTV programmes.
Note 1 – In this Recommendation, the processing model noted below is assumed. The parameters are thus expressed as
components using a digital representation concept. Analogue parameters are derived.
Processing model
– Representation of the optical image as a set of three conceptual images in electrical form.
– Sampling of these conceptual images and arrangement of the samples.
– Conversion of the samples into a set of three electrical signals (RGB).
– Formatting of the RGB signal set.
– Analogue scaling, insertion of blanking intervals and addition of sync signals.
– Digital scaling, multiplexing and addition of timing references.
2 Rec. ITU-R BT.709-1
1. Opto-electronic conversion
2. Picture characteristics
2.4 The sample distribution and the number of active lines are interrelated and are still under study (see Annex 1).
The results of this study may also lead to the wish to reconsider the number of samples per active line.
Item
Characteristics
Parameter Value
1.1 Opto-electronic transfer characteristics before non-
linear precorrection
Assumed linear
1.2 Overall opto-electronic transfer characteristics at
source
V = 1.099 L
0.45
– 0.099 for 1 ≥ L ≥ 0.018
V = 4.500 L for 0.018 > L ≥ 0
where:
L: luminance of the image
0 ≤ L ≤ 1
V: corresponding electrical signal
1.3 Chromaticity coordinates (CIE, 1931) Coordinates
– For reference primaries, see Note 1 Primary x y
– For interim primaries related to current display
technology
red 0.640 0.330
green 0.300 0.600
blue 0.150 0.060
1.4 Assumed chromaticity for equal primary signals D
65
E
R
= E
G
= E
B
x y
(Reference white)
0.3127 0.3290
Note 1 – Studies to establish the parameter values for the reference primary colours, non-linear video processing and video matrixing
are in progress to improve future display colour-rendition and to optimize transformation between HDTV, film, graphics and colour
hard-copy (see Annex 1).
Item
Characteristics
Parameter Value
2.1 Aspect ratio 16:9
2.2 Samples per active line 1920
2.3 Sampling lattice Orthogonal
Rec. ITU-R BT.709-1 3
3. Picture scanning characteristics
The objective for the system is defined to be progressive scanning, i.e., 1:1 interlace ratio.
For current implementations, an interlace ratio of 2:1, or an equivalent sample-rate reduction process, may be
used.
3.3 The picture rate depends on a number of well-known factors (see Annex 1).
4. Signal format
5. Analogue representation
Levels are specified in millivolts measured across a matched 75 Ω termination.
Item
Characteristics
Parameter Value
3.1 Order of sample scanning Left to right top to bottom
3.2 Interlace ratio See below
Item
Characteristics
Parameter Value
4.1 Conceptual non-linear pre-correction of primary signals γ = 0.45
(See complete specification in § 1.2)
4.2 Derivation of luminance signal E
Y
′
– Equation for systems related to reference primaries see Note 1
– Equation for interim systems related to current display technology and
conventional coding
E
Y
′ = 0.2125 E
R
′ +
0.7154 E
G
′ +
0.0721 E
B
′
4.3 Derivation of colour-difference signals (analogue coding) E
P
B
′ , E
P
R
′
– Equation for system related to reference primaries, see Note 1
– Equation for interim systems related to current display technology and
conventional coding
E
P
B
′ = 0.5389 (E
B
′ – E
Y
′ )
E
P
R
′ = 0.6349 (E
R
′ – E
Y
′ )
4.4 Derivation of colour-difference signals (digital coding)
C
1
, C
2
Digitally scaled from the values of 4.3
Note 1 – Studies to establish the parameter values for the luminance and colour-difference equations are in progress to improve
system performance and optimize transformations between HDTV, film graphics and colour hard-copy (see Annex 1).
4 Rec. ITU-R BT.709-1
Horizontal sync
timing reference
FIGURE 1
Format of synchronizing signal
O
H
T
r
(The waveform exhibits symmetry with respect to point
T )
r
D01
FIGURE 1...[D01] = 3 CM
5.6 The horizontal and vertical blanking intervals will be derived from the studies concerning the parameters in § 2
and 3 (see Annex 1).
Item
Characteristics
Parameter Value
5.1 Nominal level – E
R
′ , E
G
′ , E
B
′ , E
Y
′ Ref. Black: 0
Ref. White: 700
5.2 Nominal level – E
P
B
′ , E
P
R
′ ± 350
5.3 Format of synchronizing signals Tri-level bipolar (see Fig. 1)
5.4 Timing reference (see Fig. 1)
5.5 Sync level
(1)
± 300
sync on all components
(see Fig. 2)
(1)
Some administrations may wish to consider the use of sync on all components as optional.
Rec. ITU-R BT.709-1 5
+ 700
+ 300
0
– 300
+ 350
+ 300
0
– 300
– 350
FIGURE 2
Sync level on component signals
mV
E
′
R
’
E
′
G
’
E
′
B
’
E
′
Y
E
′ ,
P
B
E
′
P
R
Blanking interval
O
H
D02
FIGURE 2...[D02] = 3 CM
6. Digital representation
Item
Characteristics
Parameter Value
6.1 Coded signals R, G, B or Y, C
1
, C
2
6.2 Sampling lattice R, G, B, Y Orthogonal, line and picture repetitive
6.3 Sampling lattice C
1
, C
2
Samples co-sited with each other and with alternate
luminance samples
6.4 Sampling frequency R, G, B, Y Sampling frequency is an integer multiple of
2.25 MHz
6.5 Sampling frequency C
1
, C
2
Colour-difference sampling frequency to be 1/2 lumi-
nance sampling frequency
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