______________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents
iii
Table of Contents
Scope ............................................................................................. viii
Part A Interferometric SAR image processing and interpretation
1. Synthetic Aperture Radar basics......................................................... A-3
1.1 Introduction................................................................................. A-3
1.1.1 Introduction to ERS ....................................................... A-3
1.1.2 Introduction to Envisat................................................... A-4
1.2 SAR images of the Earth’s surface ............................................. A-5
1.2.1 What is a strip-map SAR imaging system?.................... A-5
1.2.2 What is a complex SAR image?..................................... A-6
1.2.3 SAR resolution cell projection on the ground.............. A-11
2. SAR interferometry: applications and limits.................................... A-17
2.1 Introduction............................................................................... A-17
2.2 Terrain altitude measurement through the interferometric
phase ......................................................................................... A-18
2.2.1 Interferogram flattening............................................... A-19
2.2.2 Altitude of ambiguity................................................... A-20
2.2.3 Phase unwrapping and DEM generation...................... A-20
2.3 Terrain motion measurement: Differential Interferometry ....... A-23
2.4 The atmospheric contribution to the interferometric phase ...... A-24
2.5 Other phase noise sources......................................................... A-25
2.6 Coherence maps........................................................................ A-26
3. SAR Differential Interferometry basics and examples..................... A-31
3.1 Introduction............................................................................... A-31
3.2 Landers co-seismic deformation............................................... A-31
3.3 Small earthquake modelling ..................................................... A-33
3.4 The quiet but complicated deformation after an earthquake..... A-35
3.5 A case of coherence loss: India................................................. A-37
3.6 A case of damaged raw data, studying a large earthquake in
Chile.......................................................................................... A-38
Part B InSAR processing: a practical approach
1. Selecting ERS images for InSAR processing..................................... B-3
1.1 Introduction................................................................................. B-3
1.2 Available information about ERS images................................... B-3
1.2.1 The ESA on-line multi-mission catalogue..................... B-3
1.2.2 DESCW.......................................................................... B-4
1.2.3 Expected coherence (prototype)..................................... B-6
1.3 Selecting images for InSAR DEM generation............................ B-8
1.4 Selecting images for Differential InSAR applications................ B-9
2. Interferogram generation.................................................................. B-11
