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基于FPGA的中值滤波算法的设计与实现 摘 要 在图像的采集、传输和记录等过程中,由于受到多方面因素的影响,图像信号会不可避免地受到椒盐噪声的污染,这将会严重影响图像的后期分析和识别等处理,因此有必要用中值滤波器对图像的椒盐噪声进行滤波预处理。 实际应用中,对滤波器件不仅要求能够将图像中的椒盐噪声滤除,满足图像处理的实时性要求,而且还要求能够很好地保护图像细节,避免滤波后图像变得模糊。针对传统的快速中值滤波算法在滤除图像椒盐噪声时存在图像细节模糊的缺陷,本文提出了一种基于FPGA的改进的快速中值滤波算法。该算法在中值滤波过程中,首先根据设定的阈值判断滤波窗口的中心像素点的是否为噪声点,若是噪声点,就利用快速中值滤波算法求出中值并替换中心点的原像素值,若不是噪声点,就不进行中值滤波处理。利用MATLAB软件对该算法进行仿真的结果表明,该算法具有良好的去噪和图像细节保持的能力。 在该算法的FPGA实现过程中,充分利用FPGA硬件的并行性,并且采用流水线技术,提高了图像滤波的处理速度。FPGA硬件实现的结果表明,该算法与传统的快速滤波算法相比,不仅能够满足图像处理的实时性要求,而且还能在滤除图像椒盐噪声的同时,避免滤波后图像变得模糊的缺陷,达到了保护原始图像细节的目的。
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设计题目:基于 FPGA 的中值滤波算法的设计与实现
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班 级:______ ____
姓 名:_________________________
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信息工程系
2011 年 6 月 10 日

基于 FPGA 的中值滤波算法的设计与实现
摘 要
在图像的采集、传输和记录等过程中,由于受到多方面因素的影响,图像信
号会不可避免地受到椒盐噪声的污染,这将会严重影响图像的后期分析和识别等
处理,因此有必要用中值滤波器对图像的椒盐噪声进行滤波预处理。
实际应用中,对滤波器件不仅要求能够将图像中的椒盐噪声滤除,满足图像
处理的实时性要求,而且还要求能够很好地保护图像细节,避免滤波后图像变得
模糊。针对传统的快速中值滤波算法在滤除图像椒盐噪声时存在图像细节模糊的
缺陷,本文提出了一种基于 FPGA 的改进的快速中值滤波算法。该算法在中值滤
波过程中,首先根据设定的阈值判断滤波窗口的中心像素点的是否为噪声点,若
是噪声点,就利用快速中值滤波算法求出中值并替换中心点的原像素值,若不是
噪声点,就不进行中值滤波处理。利用 MATLAB 软件对该算法进行仿真的结果
表明,该算法具有良好的去噪和图像细节保持的能力。
在该算法的 FPGA 实现过程中,充分利用 FPGA 硬件的并行性,并且采用
流水线技术,提高了图像滤波的处理速度。FPGA 硬件实现的结果表明,该算法
与传统的快速滤波算法相比,不仅能够满足图像处理的实时性要求,而且还能在
滤除图像椒盐噪声的同时,避免滤波后图像变得模糊的缺陷,达到了保护原始图
像细节的目的。
关键词:图像处理 中值滤波 椒盐噪声 FPGA MATLAB

Design and Implemention of Median
Filtering Alogrithm Based on FPGA
Abstract
As a result of various factors in image acquisition,transmission,recording and
other processes, image signals will be inevitably polluted by salt and pepper noise,
which will seriously affect the later image analysis, recognition and other processing,
so it is necessary to pre-filter out the salt and pepper noise in the image using median
filter.
The filter,in practical application,is required to not only can filter out salt and
pepper noise in the image and meet the requirements of real-time image processing,
but also have the perfect ability to protect image details and avoid image blurring in
filtering.Focus on the flaw of image blurring of traditional fast median filtering
algorithm in filtering out salt and pepper noise, this paper proposes a improved fast
median filtering algorithm based on FPGA.In the filtering process of this algorithm,it
determines firstly whether the center pixel in filtering window is a noise pixel or
not ,according to the pre-set threshold.If the center pixel is a noise pixel,the filter
finds the dedian value of the filtering window by fast median filtering alogrithm, then
replase the the original center pixel value with the median value.If it not,the filter
make it to remain the same.The simulation results of this algorithm by MATLAB
show that it performs a good capability both in filtering out the salt and pepper noise
and preserving the image details.
In the implemention of this algorithm on FPGA,we can make full use of the
property of hardware parallelism and adopt the pipelining technology to abtain the
purpose of improving image processing speed.The implementation results of this
alorithm on FPGA hardware show that,this algorithm not only meets the requirements
of real-time image processing,but also avoids the flaw of image burring in filtering the
salt and pepper noise and achieves the purpose of preserving image details,compared
with the traditional fast median filtering algorithm.
Key words:image processing;median filtering;salt and pepper noise;FPGA;MATLAB

目 录
1 前言............................................................................................................................1
1.1 设计背景..........................................................................................................1
1.2 设计概述..........................................................................................................1
1.3 设计内容..........................................................................................................2
2 FPGA 设计简介 .........................................................................................................3
2.1 FPGA 简介 .......................................................................................................3
2.2 FPGA 设计流程简介 .......................................................................................5
3 MATLAB 设计简介 ...................................................................................................8
3.1 MATLAB 简介 .................................................................................................8
3.2 MATLAB GUI 设计简介...............................................................................10
4 改进的快速中值滤波算法的设计与 MATLAB 仿真 ...........................................11
4.1 中值滤波算法概述.........................................................................................11
4.2 改进的快速中值滤波算法原理....................................................................12
4.3 改进的快速中值滤波算法的 MATLAB 仿真 .............................................14
5 总体设计..................................................................................................................16
5.1 总体设计概述................................................................................................16
5.2 MATLAB GUI 设计概述...............................................................................16
5.3 FPGA 设计概述 .............................................................................................17
6 模块设计..................................................................................................................18
6.1 FPGA 顶层模块设计 .....................................................................................18
6.2 UART 模块设计.............................................................................................20
6.2.1 串行接口通信协议简介......................................................................20
6.2.2 UART 顶层模块设计...........................................................................24
6.2.3 baud_rate_set 模块设计 .......................................................................26
6.2.4 transfer 模块设计 .................................................................................26
6.2.5 receiver 模块设计.................................................................................28
6.3 win3_3 模块设计............................................................................................30
6.3.1 win3_3 顶层模块设计..........................................................................31
6.3.2 generate_win3_3 模块设计..................................................................33
6.3.3 win3_3_controller 模块的设计............................................................38
6.4 fast_med 模块设计.........................................................................................40
6.5 xmit_FIFO 模块设计......................................................................................42

6.5.1 xmit_FIFO 顶层模块设计....................................................................42
6.5.2 LPM_FIFO 宏功能模块的定制...........................................................44
6.5.3 xmit_FIFO_controller 模块设计..........................................................44
6.6 MATLAB GUI 设计.......................................................................................46
6.6.1 设计 GUI 界面 ....................................................................................46
6.6.2 设置控件属性......................................................................................48
6.6.3 编写回调函数......................................................................................48
6.6.4 运行 GUI .............................................................................................50
7 实验结果..................................................................................................................51
8 结论..........................................................................................................................53
谢辞..............................................................................................................................54
参考文献......................................................................................................................55
附录..............................................................................................................................56
外文资料翻译..............................................................................................................82
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