j2ee网络书店，一个简单的j2ee web开发例子

================================================================================ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. ================================================================================ $Id: RUNNING.txt 354430 2005-12-06 13:44:26Z yoavs $ =================================================== Running The Apache Tomcat 6.0 Servlet/JSP Container =================================================== Apache Tomcat 6.0 requires the Java 2 Standard Edition Runtime Environment (JRE) version 5.0 or later. ============================= Running With JRE 5.0 Or Later ============================= (1) Download and Install the J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) (1.1) Download the Java 2 Standard Edition Runtime Environment (JRE), release version 5.0 or later, from http://java.sun.com/j2se. (1.2) Install the JRE according to the instructions included with the release. (1.3) Set an environment variable named JRE_HOME to the pathname of the directory into which you installed the JRE, e.g. c:\jre5.0 or /usr/local/java/jre5.0. NOTE: You may also use the full JDK rather than just the JRE. In this case set your JAVA_HOME environment variable to the pathname of the directory into which you installed the JDK, e.g. c:\j2sdk5.0 or /usr/local/java/j2sdk5.0. (2) Download and Install the Tomcat Binary Distribution NOTE: As an alternative to downloading a binary distribution, you can create your own from the Tomcat source repository, as described in "BUILDING.txt". If you do this, the value to use for "${catalina.home}" will be the "dist" subdirectory of your source distribution. (2.1) Download a binary distribution of Tomcat from: http://tomcat.apache.org (2.2) Unpack the binary distribution into a convenient location so that the distribution resides in its own directory (conventionally named "apache-tomcat-[version]"). For the purposes of the remainder of this document, the symbolic name "$CATALINA_HOME" is used to refer to the full pathname of the release directory. (3) Start Up Tomcat (3.1) Tomcat can be started by executing the following commands: $CATALINA_HOME\bin\startup.bat (Windows) $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh (Unix) (3.2) After startup, the default web applications included with Tomcat will be available by visiting: http://localhost:8080/ (3.3) Further information about configuring and running Tomcat can be found in the documentation included here, as well as on the Tomcat web site: http://tomcat.apache.org (4) Shut Down Tomcat (4.1) Tomcat can be shut down by executing the following command: $CATALINA_HOME\bin\shutdown (Windows) $CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh (Unix) ================================================== Advanced Configuration - Multiple Tomcat Instances ================================================== In many circumstances, it is desirable to have a single copy of a Tomcat binary distribution shared among multiple users on the same server. To make this possible, you can pass a "-Dcatalina.base=$CATALINA_BASE" argument when executing the startup command (see (2)). In this "-Dcatalina.base=$CATALINA_BASE" argument, replace $CATALINA_BASE with the directory that contains the files for your 'personal' Tomcat instance. When you use this "-Dcatalina.base=$CATALINA_BASE" argument, Tomcat will calculate all relative references for files in the following directories based on the value of $CATALINA_BASE instead of $CATALINA_HOME: * bin - Only setenv.sh (*nix) and setenv.bat (windows) * conf - Server configuration files (including server.xml) * logs - Log and output files * webapps - Automatically loaded web applications * work - Temporary working directories for web applications * temp - Directory used by the JVM for temporary files (java.io.tmpdir) If you do not pass the "-Dcatalina.base=$CATALINA_BASE" argument to the startup command, $CATALINA_BASE will default to the same value as $CATALINA_HOME, which means that the same directory is used for all relative path resolutions. ================ Troubleshooting ================ There are only really 3 things likely to go wrong during the stand-alone Tomcat install: (1) The most common hiccup is when another web server (or any process for that matter) has laid claim to port 8080. This is the default HTTP port that Tomcat attempts to bind to at startup. To change this, open the file: $CATALINA_HOME/conf/server.xml and search for '8080'. Change it to a port that isn't in use, and is greater than 1024, as ports less than or equal to 1024 require superuser access to bind under UNIX. Restart Tomcat and you're in business. Be sure that you replace the "8080" in the URL you're using to access Tomcat. For example, if you change the port to 1977, you would request the URL http://localhost:1977/ in your browser. (2) An "out of environment space" error when running the batch files in Windows 95, 98, or ME operating systems. Right-click on the STARTUP.BAT and SHUTDOWN.BAT files. Click on "Properties", then on the "Memory" tab. For the "Initial environment" field, enter in something like 4096. After you click apply, Windows will create shortcuts which you can use to start and stop the container. (3) The 'localhost' machine isn't found. This could happen if you're behind a proxy. If that's the case, make sure the proxy configuration for your browser knows that you shouldn't be going through the proxy to access the "localhost". In Netscape, this is under Edit/Preferences -> Advanced/Proxies, and in Internet Explorer, Tools -> Internet Options -> Connections -> LAN Settings.