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20.基于51单片机的简易电梯系统的设计.doc
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20.基于51单片机的简易电梯系统的设计.doc
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摘 要
电梯的运行中最为核心的部件就是控制器,而目前的电梯控制器大多采用继电器或
者 PLC 的控制方式,普遍存在成本较高以及维护困难的问题。以单片机为核心模拟设
计出一个的简易电梯系统,具有成本低,可靠性好、适应范围广的特点,且具有高精度
的重量检测及显示,重要的是单片机可以构成形式多样的控制系统、数据采集系统。
设计以 STC89C52 单片机为核心,设计出容易控制、具有高精度数字显示的电梯系
统。主要由硬件电路和软件设计方法构成,硬件电路使用单片机的 IO 口分别构造出显
示、按键功能、电机驱动等模块电路;软件部分也采用模块化设计,由主控制程序、电
机驱动子程序、显示子程序、按键子程序等模块组成。最后经过整个系统的调联以实现
电梯系统的各个功能。
设计的这个电梯不仅能够实现电梯上下行的无故障运行以及显示楼层的基本信息
的功能,而且整个系统硬件电路完善、控制性好、适应性强,只要加上合理的系统扩展
和升级,就可以使用在各个建筑物之上。
关键词:控制器;单片机;电梯
Abstract
The most important part of the elevator is the controller. At present, most of the elevator
controllers are controlled by relay or PLC. There are many problems such as high cost and
difficult maintenance. A simple elevator system based on single-chip microcomputer is
designed, which has the characteristics of low cost, good reliability, wide range of application,
and high-precision weight detection and display. The important thing is that single-chip
microcomputer can form a variety of control systems and data acquisition systems.
Taking STC89C52 as the core, the elevator system with easy control and high precision
digital display is designed. It is mainly composed of hardware circuit and software design
method. The hardware circuit uses IO port of single chip microcomputer to construct display,
key function, motor drive and other module circuits. The software part also uses modular
design, which is composed of main control program, motor drive subprogram, display
subprogram, key subprogram and other modules. Finally, through the whole system to
achieve the various functions of the elevator system
The designed elevator can not only realize the up and down fault free operation of the
elevator and the function of displaying the basic information of the floor, but also has perfect
hardware circuit, good control and strong adaptability. As long as the reasonable system
expansion and upgrading are added, it can be used in various buildings.
Keywords: Controller;microprocessor;elevator
目 录
引言.......................................................................................................................1
1 系统概述.........................................................................................................1
1.1 设计要求..............................................................................................................................1
1.2 总体设计..............................................................................................................................1
2 系统设计的整体方案.....................................................................................2
2.1 主控芯片的方案论证..........................................................................................................2
2.2 显示模块的方案论证..........................................................................................................3
2.3 电动机的方案论证..............................................................................................................4
2.4 电机驱动模块的方案论证..................................................................................................4
3 系统硬件电路设计.........................................................................................4
3.1 单片机最小系统的电路设计..............................................................................................4
3.1.1STC89C52 芯片模块电路设计 .........................................................................................4
3.1.2 系统时钟电路设计............................................................................................................5
3.1.3 复位电路设计....................................................................................................................5
3.1.4 电源电路设计....................................................................................................................6
3.2 数码管显示接口电路设计..................................................................................................7
3.3 按键控制电路设计..............................................................................................................7
3.4 显示灯电路设计..................................................................................................................8
3.5 步进电机驱动模块电路设计..............................................................................................9
3.6 电机电路设计......................................................................................................................9
4 系统软件设计...............................................................................................10
4.1 控制数码管显示的软件设计............................................................................................10
4.2 控制步进电机驱动模块的软件设计................................................................................11
4.3 各个楼层按键的软件设计................................................................................................11
4.4 控制显示灯的软件设计....................................................................................................12
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