ESP8266与物联网

aJson v1.0 ================ Copyright (c) 2010, Interactive Matter, Marcus Nowotny Based on the cJSON Library, Copyright (C) 2009 Dave Gamble Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. Welcome to aJson. ================ aJson is the attempt to port a complete JSON implementation to Arduino. It is based on the cJSON implementation, reduced in size and removing one or two features: - The code has very limited support on ATmega168 - there is just not enough memory and memory fragmentation is a serious problem - Arrays and Lists are max 255 elements big - There is no proper Unicode handling in this code - There is an internal buffer eating up 256 bytes of ram Most of the limitation will be gone in one of the future releases. JSON is described best here: http://www.json.org/ It's like XML, but fat-free. You use it to move data around, store things, or just generally represent your program's state. JSON is especially useful to exchange data efficiently with e.g. JavaScript, Java, C++, Processing or anything else aJson is a library to receive, understand, create or modify JSON strings directly in the Arduino. JSON is quite a standard, so that is perfect for exchanging data with other applications. I combination with HTTP it is suitable to implement REST Web Services. aJson provides functions to parse JSON strings to object models. Handle, search and create and modify JSON Object structures. This is some JSON from this page: http://www.json.org/fatfree.html ```javascript { "name": "Jack (\"Bee\") Nimble", "format": { "type": "rect", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "interlace": false, "frame rate": 24 } } ``` Parsing JSON ================ To parse such a structure with aJson you simply convert it to a object tree: ```c aJsonObject* jsonObject = aJson.parse(json_string); ``` (assuming you got the JSON string in the variable json_string - as a char*) This is an object. We're in C. We don't have objects. But we do have structs. Therefore the objects are translated into structs, with all the drawbacks it brings.s Now we can e.g. retrieve the value for name: ```c aJsonObject* name = aJson.getObjectItem(root, "name"); ``` The value of name can be retrieved via: ```c Serial.println(name->valuestring); ``` Note that the aJsonObject has a union which holds all possible value types as overlays - you can get only useful data for the type which you have at hand. You can get the type as ```c name->type ``` which can be either aJson_False, aJson_True, aJson_NULL, aJson_Number, aJson_String, aJson_Array or aJson_Object. For aJson_Number you can use value.number.valueint or value.number.valuedouble, for aJson_String you can use value.valuestring, for True or False, you can use value.valuebool. To render the object back to a string you can simply call ```c char *json_String=aJson.print(jsonObject); ``` Finished? Delete the root (this takes care of everything else). ```c aJson.deleteItem(root); ``` This deletes the objects and all values referenced by it. Parsing streams -------------- As you can see this will eat up lots of memory. Storing the original string and the JSON object is a bit too much for your Arduino - it will most likely use up all the memory. Therefore it is better to parse streams instead of strings. A stream in C is a FILE* - on Arduino there are some special streams, but later adapters will be provided. So if you for example read from a FILE* stream you can simply call ```c aJsonObject* jsonObject = aJson.parse(file); ``` By that you will not have to store the JSON string in memory. Filtering while parsing -------------- Any JSON respond can have object name/value pairs your code either does not understand or is not interested in. To avoid those values going into your memory you can simply add filters to your parsing request. A set of filter is just a list of names you are interested in, ended by a null value. If you are only interested in "name", "format", "height" and "width" in the above example you can do it like: ```c char** jsonFilter = {"name,"format","height","width",NULL}; aJsonObject* jsonObject = aJson.parse(json_string,jsonFilter); ``` (assuming you got the JSON string in the variable json_string - as a char*) By that only the following structure is parsed - the rest will be ignored: ```javascript { "name": "Jack (\"Bee\") Nimble", "format": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080, } } ``` It is good practice to always use the filtering feature to parse JSON answers, to avoid unknown objects swamping your memory. Creating JSON Objects from code ================ If you want to see how you'd build this struct in code? ```c aJsonObject *root,*fmt; root=aJson.createObject(); aJson.addItemToObject(root, "name", aJson.createItem("Jack (\"Bee\") Nimble")); aJson.addItemToObject(root, "format", fmt = aJson.createObject()); aJson.addStringToObject(fmt,"type", "rect"); aJson.addNumberToObject(fmt,"width", 1920); aJson.addNumberToObject(fmt,"height", 1080); aJson.addFalseToObject (fmt,"interlace"); aJson.addNumberToObject(fmt,"frame rate", 24); ``` The root object has: Object Type and a Child The Child has name "name", with value "Jack ("Bee") Nimble", and a sibling: Sibling has type Object, name "format", and a child. That child has type String, name "type", value "rect", and a sibling: Sibling has type Number, name "width", value 1920, and a sibling: Sibling has type Number, name "height", value 1080, and a sibling: Sibling hs type False, name "interlace", and a sibling: Sibling has type Number, name "frame rate", value 24 If you want to create an array it works nearly the same way: ```c aJsonObject* root = aJson.createArray(); aJsonObject* day; day=aJson.createItem("Monday"); aJson.addItemToArray(root, day); day=aJson.createItem("Tuesday"); aJson.addItemToArray(root, day); day=aJson.createItem("Wednesday"); aJson.addItemToArray(root, day); day=aJson.createItem("Thursday"); aJson.addItemToArray(root, day); day=aJson.createItem("Friday"); aJson.addItemToArray(root, day); day=aJson.createItem("Saturday"); aJson.addItemToArray(root, day); day=aJson.createItem("Sunday"); aJson.addItemToArray(root, day); ``` The whole library (nicely provided by cJSON) is optimized for easy usage. You can create and modify the object as easy as possible. aJson Data Structures ================ aJson stores JSON objects in struct objects: ```c // The aJson structure: typedef struct aJsonObject { char *name; // The item's name string, if this item is the child of, or is in the list of subitems of an object. struct aJsonObject *next, *prev; // next/prev allow you to walk array/object chains. Alternatively, use GetArraySize/GetArrayItem/GetObjectItem struct aJsonObject *child; // An array or object item will have a child pointer pointing to a chain of the i