MySQL官方帮助文档 refman-8.0-en.a4(6).pdf

MySQL官方帮助文档 refman-8.0-en.a4(6).pdf
Table of contents Preface and Legal Notices 1 General Information 1.1 About this manual 1.2 Typographical and Syntax Conventions 1.3 Overview of the mysQl database management System 1.3.1 What is MySQL?… 1.3.2 The Main Features of My SQL 1.3.3 History of MySQL 12244589 1.4 What Is New in MysQL 8.0 1.5 Server and Status Variables and Options Added, Deprecated, or Removed in MySQL 8.0 31 1.6 MySQL Information Sources 4 1.6.1 My SQL Websites∴… 1.6.2 My SQL Mailing lists 44 1.6.3 My SQL Community Support at the My SQL Forums 6 1.6.4 MySQL Community Support on Internet Relay Chat(IRC) 1.6.5 MySQL Enterprise 47 7 How to Report Bugs or Problems 47 1.8 My SQL Standards Compliance 51 1.8. 1 My SQL Extensions to Standard SQL 52 1.8.2 MySQL Differences from Standard SQL 55 1.8.3 How MySQL Deals with Constraints 57 1. 9 Credits 1.9.1 Contributors to MySQL 1.9.2 Documenters and translators 64 1.9.3 Packages that support MySQL_…… 1.9.4 Tools that were used to create Mysd'. 65 1.9.5 Supporters of MysQL…… 66 2 Installing and Upgrading MySQL 69 2.1 General Installation guidance 71 2.1.1 Which MysQL Version and distribution to install 2.1.2 How to Get MySQL 2.1. 3 Verifying Package Integrity Using MD5 Checksums or GnuPG ∴73 73 2.1. 4 Installation Layouts 2.1.5 Compiler-Specific Build Characteristics 86 2.2 Installing MySQL on UniX/Linux Using Generic Binaries 2.3 Installing MysQL on Microsoft Windows 89 2.3.1 MySQL Installation Layout on Microsoft Windows 92 2.3.2 Choosing an Installation Package 92 2.3. 3 My SQL Installer for Windows 93 2.3.4 MySQL Notifier 116 2.3.5 Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows Using a noinstalI ZIP Archive 127 2.3.6 Troubleshooting a Microsoft Windows MySQL Server Installation 135 2.3.7 Windows postinstallation procedures 137 2. 4 Installing My SQL on macOS 139 2.4.1 General Notes on Installing MysQL on macOS 139 2.4.2 Installing MySQL on macOS Using Native Packages 140 2.4.3 Installing and Using the MySQL Launch Daemon 144 2.4.4 Installing and Using the MySQL Preference Pane 147 2.5 Installing MysQL on Linux 151 2.5. 1 Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MysQL Yum Repository 152 2.5.2 Installing MysQL on Linux Using the MysQL APT Repository 156 2.5.3 Installing MysQL on Linux Using the MySQL SLES Repository 156 2.5. 4 Installing MysQL on Linux Using RPM Packages from Oracle..........157 2.5.5 Installing MysQL on Linux Using Debian Packages from Oracle 161 MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual 2.5.6 Deploying My SQL on Linux with Docker 163 2.5.7 Installing My SQL on Linux from the Native Software Repositories............ 173 2.5.8 Installing MySQL on Linux with Juju 176 2.5.9 Managing My SQL Server with systemd 176 2.6 Installing My sQL Using Unbreakable Linux Network ( ULN) 181 2.7 Installing MysQL on Solaris..........,…,…,… 181 2.7.1 Installing My SQL on Solaris Using a Solaris PKG 2.8 Installing MySQL on FreeBSD 183 2. 9 Installing MySQL from Source 184 2.9.1 MySQL Layout for Source Installation 187 2.9.2 Installing My SQL Using a Standard Source Distribution 187 2.9.3 Installing MysQL Using a Development Source Tree 191 2.9.4 My SQL Source-Configuration Options 193 2.9.5 Dealing with Problems Compiling MySQL 216 2.9.6 My SQL Configuration and Third- Party Tools……… 2.9.7 Generating My SQL Doxygen Documentation Content 218 2.10 Postinstallation Setup and Testing 219 2. 10.1 Initializing the Data Directory 2. 10.2 Starting the Server :. 225 2. 10.3 Testing the Server 228 2.10.4 Securing the Initial MySQL Account…… 230 2. 10.5 Starting and Stopping MySQL Automatically 232 2.11 Upgrading MySQL 233 2.11.1 Before You begin 233 2.11.2 Upgrade Paths……… 234 2. 11.3 What the My SQL Upgrade Process Upgrades 235 2.11.4 Changes in MySQL 8.0 238 2. 11.5 Preparing Your Installation for Upgrade 247 2.11.6 Upgrading My sQL Binary or Package-based Installations on UniX/Linux..... 250 2. 11.7 Upgrading MySQL with the MySQL Yum Repository 255 2. 11.8 Upgrading MySQL with the MySQL APT Repository 256 2. 11.9 Upgrading My sQL with the My SQL SLES Repository 256 2. 11.10 Upgrading MySQL on Windows 256 2. 11.11 Upgrading a Docker Installation of MySQL 258 2.11.12U de troubleshoot 258 2. 11.13 Rebuilding or Repairing Tables or Indexes 259 2. 11.14 Copying MySQL Databases to Another Machine 260 2. 12 Downgrading MysQl 261 2.13 Perl Installation notes 2.13.1 Installing Perl on Unix 261 2.13.2 Installing Active State Perl on Windows 262 2. 13. 3 Problems Using the Perl DBI/DBD Interface ..263 3 Tutorial 265 3.1 Connecting to and Disconnecting from the Server 265 3.2 Entering Queries 266 3.3 Creating and Using a database 269 3.3.1 Creating and Selecting a Database 270 332 Creating a table… 量面 271 3.3.3 Loading data into a table 272 3.3.4 Retrieving Information from a Table .274 3. 4 Getting Information about databases and tables 287 3.5 Using mysql in Batch Mode 288 3.6 EXamples of Common Queries 289 3.6.1 The maximum value for a column 290 3.6.2 The Row Holding the Maximum of a Certain Column ..290 3.6. 3 Maximum of Column per Group 291 3.6.4 The Rows Holding the Group-Wise Maximum of a certain Column 291 3.6.5 Using User-Defined Variables 292 MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual 3.6.6 Using Foreign Keys 292 3.6.7 Searching on Two Keys 294 3.6.8 Calculating Visits Per Day 294 3.6.9 Using AUTO INCREMENT 295 3.7 Using My SQL with Apache ....... 297 4 MySQL Programs 299 4.1 Overview of MysQL Programs 4.2 Using MySQL Programs 4.2.1 evoking MysQL Programs…… 303 4.2.2 Specifying Program Options 304 4.2.3 Connecting to the My SQL Server 317 4.2.4 Connecting Using a URI or Key-Value Pairs 321 4.2.5 Setting Environment Variables ................. 326 4.3 My SQL Server and Server-Startup Programs 327 4.3.1 mysqld The MySQL Server ∴327 4.3. 2 mysqid safe- MysQL Server Startup Script 327 4.3.3 mysql server- MysQL Server Startup Script 333 4.3. 4 mysqld multi- Manage Multiple MySQL Servers 4.4.1 comp ery-compile MySQL Error Message File 4.4 MySQL Installation-Related programs 339 339 4.4.2 mysql secure installation-Improve MySQL Installation Security.... 340 4.4.3 mysql ssl rsa setup- Create SSL/RSA Files ..344 4.4.4 mysal tzinfo to sal -load the time zone tables 346 4& 4.4.5 mysql upgrade -Check and Upgrade MySQL Tables 347 4.5 MySQL Client Programs 355 4.5.1 mysa The MySQL Command-Line Client 355 4.5.2 mysqladmin- Client for Administering a MySQL Server 382 4.5.3 mysqicheck-A Table Maintenance Program 391 4.5.4mysq-dump一 A Database Backup Program……… 400 4.5.5 mysql import -A Data Import Program 422 4.5.6 mysq-purmp A Database Backup Program .429 4.5.7 imysqIshow-Display Database, Table, and Column Information........445 4.5.8mysq1s1ap- Load emulation Client…… 451 4. 6 My SQL Administrative and Utility Programs ..460 4.6.1 ibd2sdi-InnoDB Tablespace SDI Extraction Utility 460 4.6.2 innochecksum- Offline InnodB file checksum utility 464 4.6.3 myi sam ttcump- Display Full-Text Index information 469 4.6. 4 myisamchk- Myl SAM Table-Maintenance Utility 470 4.6.5 myisaInlog - Display mylsaM log File Contents 486 4.6.6 uyisarpack-Generate Compressed, Read-Only MyISAM Tables 488 4.6.7 mysql config editor- MySQL Configuration Utility 493 4.6.8 mysqlbinlog- Utility for Processing Binary Log Files 499 4./a 4.6.9 mysqldumpslow- Summarize Slow Query Log Files 522 MySQL Program Development Utilities 523 4.7.1 mysqL config- Display Options for Compiling Clients 524 4.7.2 my print defaults- Display Options from Option Files 525 4.8 Miscellaneous Programs 4.8.1 1z4 decompress- Decompress mysqlpump LZ4-Compressed Output 526 4.8.2 perror- Display MysQL Error Message Information 527 4.8.3 7 Iib decompress- Decompress mysqlpump ZLIB-Compressed Output 528 4.9 MySQL Program Environment Variables 5 MysQL Server Administration 531 5.1 The My SQL Server…… 532 5.1.1 Configuring the Server.,…,… 532 5.1.2 Server Configuration Defaults 533 5.1.3 Server Configuration validation 5.1. 4 Server Option, System Variable, and Status Variable Reference 5.1.5 Server System Variable Reference.... 580 MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual 5.1.6 Server status variable reference 604 5.1.7 Server Command Options..…,… 619 5.1.8 Server System Variables 654 5. 1.9 Using System Variables 796 5.1.10 Server status variables 824 5.1.11 Server SQL Modes 844 5.1.12 IPv6 Support 856 5.1.13 My SQL Server Time Zone Support 860 5.1. 14 Server-Side Help Support 865 5.1.15 Server tracking of client Session State Changes 865 5.1.16 Server Response to Signals 869 5.1.17 The server shutdown process 869 52 The MySQL Data Directory…..,…,… 871 5.3 The mysql System Schema 871 5.4 MySQL Server Logs 876 5.4.1 Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations 877 5.4.2 The Error Log 880 5.4.3 The General Query Log 5.4.4 The Binary Log….….…,……, 899 54.5 The Slow Query Log…,…,… 911 5. 4.6 The DDL Log 914 5.4.7 Server Log Maintenance .915 5.5 MySQL Server Components 916 5.5. 1 Installing and Uninstalling Components 917 5.5.2 Obtaining Server Component Information 917 5.5.3 Error Log Components 917 56 MysQL Server Plugins……. 919 5. 6. 1 Installing and Uninstalling plugins 920 5.6.2 Obtaining Server Plugin Information 924 5.6.3 MySQL Enterprise Thread Pool 925 5.6. 4 The Rewriter Query Rewrite plugin 932 5.6.5 The ddl rewriter plugin 941 56.6∨ ersion tokens 943 5.7 MySQL Server User-Defined Functions 955 5.7. 1 Installing and Uninstalling User-Defined Functions.... 955 5.7.2 Obtaining User-Detined Function Information 955 5.8 Running Multiple MysQL Instances on One Machine 956 5.8.1 Setting Up Multiple Data Directories 957 5.8.2 Running Multiple MysQL Instances on Windows∴…,…,…,958 5.8.3 Running Multiple mysQL Instances on Unix 961 5.8. 4 Using Client Programs in a Multiple-Server Environment 962 6 Security.....,,… 965 6. 1 General Security Issues ....... 966 6. 1. 1 Security Guidelines 966 6. 1.2 Keeping Passwords Secure 968 6.1.3 Making My SQL Secure Against Attackers 970 6. 1. 4 Security-Related mysqld Options and variables 972 6.1.5 How to Run MysQL as a normal user 973 6.1.6 Security Issues with LOAD DATA LOCAL 974 6.1.7 Client Programming Security Guidelines 975 6.2 Access Control and Account Management 976 6.2.1 Account user names and passwords 977 6.2.2 Privileges Provided by mysQL 979 6.2.3 Grant Tables :..:a.:.::.:.: .993 6. 2. 4 Specifying Account Names 1001 6.2.5 Specifying Role Names ∴11003 6.2.6 Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification 1004 6.2.7 Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification 1006 MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual 6.2.8 Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, and Dropping Accounts 1008 6.2.9 Reserved Accounts 1011 6.2.10 Using Roles 1012 6.2.11 Account Categories 1019 6. 2. 12 Privilege Restriction Using Partial Revokes 1022 6.2. 13 When Privilege Changes take effect 1029 6.2. 14 Assigning Account Passwords 1030 6.2. 15 Password management 1031 6.2.16 Server Handling of Expired Passwords 翻面面面 .1039 6.2. 17 Pluggable Authenticatio 1041 6.2. 18 Proxy Users 6.2. 19 Account Locki 1051 6.2.20 Setting Account Resource Limits....... 1051 6.2.21 Troubleshooting Problems Connecting to My SQL 1053 6.2.22 SQL-Base ed Account ACtIVity AudIting 1057 6.3 Using Encrypted Connections.…… 1059 6.3.1 Configuring MysQL to Use Encrypted Connections 1060 6.3.2 Command Options for Encrypted Connections 1066 6.3.3 Creating SsL and RSA Certificates and Keys 1070 6.3.4 SSL Library-Dependent Capabilities 1079 6.3.5 Building My SQL with Support for Encrypted Connections 1080 6.3.6 Encrypted Connection Protocols and Ciphers 1081 6.3.7 Connecting to MySQL Remotely from Windows with SSH 1084 6. 4 Security Components and Plugins 1085 6.4.1 Authentication Plugins 1085 6.4.2 The Connection-Control Plugins 6.4.3 The Password validation Component 1147 115 6.4.4 The My SQL Keyring…… 1164 6.4.5 My SQL Enterprise Audit 646 The Audit Message Component,.∴… 1196 1258 6.4.7 MySQL Enterprise Firewall 1261 6.4.8 My SQL Enterprise Data Masking and De-Identification 1273 6.5 FIPS Support.……… 1289 7 Backup and recover 1293 7.1 Backup and Recovery Types 1294 7.2 Database Backup Methods…… 1297 7. 3 Example Backup and Recovery Strategy 1299 7.3.1 Establishing a Backup Policy 1300 7.3.2 Using Backups for Recovery 1301 7.3.3 Backup Strategy Summary 1302 7. 4 Using mysqldump for Backups 1302 7.4.1 Dumping Data in SQL Format with mysqldump 1303 7.4.2 Reloading sQL-Format Backups 1304 7.4.3 Dumping Data in Delimited-Text Format with mysqldump 1304 7.4.4 Reloading Delimited-Text Format Backups 7.4.5 mysqldump Tips 7.5 Point-in-Time(Incremental) Recovery Using the Binary Log 1308 7.5. 1 Point-in-Time Recovery Using Event Times 面画 1310 7.5.2 Point-in-Time Recovery Using Event Positions 1310 7.6 MyISAM Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery 1311 7.6. 1 Using myisamchk for Crash Recovery 1311 7.6.2 How to Check MyISAM Tables for Errors 1312 7.6.3 How to Repair MyIsAM Tables 1313 7.6. 4 MyI SAM Table Optimization 1315 7.6.5 Setting Up a MylSAM Table Maintenance Schedule 1315 8 Optimization .1317 8.1 Optimization Overview 1318 8.2 Optimizing SQL Statements 1320 MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual 8.2.2 Optimizing Subqueries, Derived Tables, View References, and Common Table..1. 8. 2. 1 Optimizing SELECT Statements 320 Expressions 1368 8.2.3 Optimizing INFORMATION SCHEMA Queries 1380 8. 2. 4 Optimizing Performance Schema Queries 1382 8.2.5 Optimizing Data Change Statements 面量面国面 1384 8.2.6 Optimizing Database Privileges 1385 8.2.7 Other Optimization Tips 1385 8.3 Optimization and IndeXes 1386 8.3.1 How MySQL Uses Indexes 1386 8.3.2 Primary Key Optimization 1387 8.3.3 SPATIAL Index Optimization…………… 1388 8.3.4 Foreign Key Optimization 1388 8.3.5 Column Indexes 1388 8.3.6 Multiple-Column Indexes 1390 8.3.7 Verifying Index Usage 1391 8.3.8 InnoDB and MylSAM Index Statistics Collection 1391 8.3.9 Comparison of B-Tree and Hash Indexes 1393 8.3.10 Use of index extensions ,1394 8.3. 11 Optimizer Use of Generated Column Indexes 139 8.3.12 Invisible Indexes 1398 8314 ndexed Lookups from TIMESTAMP Columns、…………,…… 8.3.13 Descending Indexes 1400 1400 8.4 Optimizing Database Structure 1403 8. 4.1 Optimizing data Size 1403 8.4.2 Optimizing My SQL Data Types 1405 8.4.3 Optimizing for Many tables 1406 8. 4. 4 Internal Temporary table Use in My SQL 1407 8.5 Optimizing for InnoDB Tables.... 1410 8.5. 1 Optimizing Storage Layout for InnoDB Tables 1410 8.5.2 Optimizing Innodb transaction management 1411 8.5.3 Optimizing InnoDB Read-Only Transactions 1412 8.5. 4 Optimizing InnodB Redo logging 1413 8.5.5 Bulk Data Loading for InnoDB Tables 1414 8.5.6 Optimizing InnoDB Queries 1415 8.5.7 Optimizing InnoDB DDL Operations 1416 8.5.8 Optimizing InnoDB Disk 1/O 1416 8.5.9 Optimizing InnoDB Configuration variables 1419 8.5.10 Optimizing InnoDB for Systems with Many Tables 1420 8.6 Optimizing for MyISAM Tables 1420 8.6. 1 Optimizing MylSAM Queries 1421 8.6.2 Bulk Data Loading for MyISAM Tables 1422 8.6. 3 Optimizing repair table statements 1423 8.7 Optimizing for MEMORY Tables 8.8 Understanding the Query Execution Plan 1424 1425 8.8.1 Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN 1425 8.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format 1426 8.8.3 Extended EXPLAIN Output Format ∴1439 8.8.4 Obtaining Execution Plan Information for a Named Connection 144 8.8.5 Estimating Query Performance 1441 8.9 Controlling the Query Optimizer 8.9.1 Controlling Query Plan Evaluation ..1442 1442 8.9.2 Switchable Optimizations 1442 8.9.3 Optimizer Hints 1447 89.4 Index Hints 1460 8.9.5 The Optimizer cost Model 1462 8.9.6 Optimizer Statistics .1465 8. 10 Buffering and Caching 1468 MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual 8.10.1 InnoDB Buffer Pool Optimization 1468 8. 10.2 The MyISAM Key Cache 1469 8. 10.3 Caching of Prepared Statements and Stored Programs 1473 8.11 Optimizing Locking Operations 1474 8.11.1 Internal Locking Methods 1475 8.11.2 Table Locking Issues 1477 8.11. 3 Concurrent Inserts 1478 8. 11.4 Metadata Locking 1479 8.11.5 External Locking 1482 8. 12 Optimizing the My sQL Server 1483 8. 12.1 Optimizing Disk 1/0 1484 8. 12.2 Using Symbolic Links ∴1485 8. 12.3 Optimizing Memory Use .1487 8.124 Optimizing Network Use.,,,,…,… 1494 8. 12.5 Resource GI 1498 8. 13 Measuring Performance( Benchmarking .1503 8.13.1 Measuring the speed of EXpressions and Functions 1503 8.13.2 Using your Own Benchmarks 1503 8.13.3 Measuring Performance with performance schema 1504 8. 14 Examining Thread Information 1504 8. 14.1 Thread command values 1505 8. 142 General thread states 1507 8. 14.3 Replication Master Thread States 1513 8. 14.4 Replication Slave IO Thread States 1514 8.14.5 Replication Slave SQL Thread states 1515 8. 14.6 Replication Slave Connection Thread States 1516 8. 147 NDB Cluster thread states 1516 8. 14. 8 Event scheduler thread states 1517 9 Language Structure 1519 9.1 Literal values 1519 9. 1.1 String Literals ,, 1519 9.12 Numeric literals 1522 9.1.3 Date and time literals .1522 9.1, 4 Hexadecimal literals 1524 9.1.5 Bit-Value literals 1526 9.1 6 Boolean literal 1528 9.1.7 NULL Values 1528 9.2 Schema Object Names 1528 9.2.1 Identifier qualifiers∴∴ 1531 9.2.2 dentifier case sensitivity 1532 9.2.3 Mapping of Identifiers to File Names 1534 9.2. 4 Function Name Parsing and Resolution 11535 9.3 Keywords and Reserved Words 1539 9.4 User-Defined variables 1565 9.5 Expressions 1568 9.6 Comment Syntax 1572 10 Character Sets, Collations. Unicode 1575 10. 1 Character sets and collations in General .1576 10.2 Character Sets and Collations in MySQL 1577 10.2.1 Character set Repertoire 1579 10.2.2 UTF-8 for Metadata 1581 10.3 Specifying Character Sets and Collations 1582 10.3.1 Collation Naming conventions 1582 10.3.2 Server Character set and collation 1583 10.3.3 Database character set and collation 1584 10.3 4 Table character set and collation 1585 10.3.5 Column Character set and collation 1586 10.3.6 Character String Literal Character Set and Collation 1587 IX MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual 103.7 The national Character Set 1589 10. 3. 8 Character set Introducers 1589 10.3.9 Examples of character set and collation assignment 1591 10.3. 10 Compatibility with Other DBMSs 1592 10. 4 Connection Character sets and collations 1592 10.5 Configuring Application Character Set and Collation 1599 10.6 Error Message Character Set 1600 10.7 Column Character set Conversion 1601 10.8 Collation issues∴ 1602 10.8.1 Using CoLLatE in SQL Statements.. 1602 10.8.2 COLLATE Clause Precedence 1603 10.8.3 Character Set and Collation Compatibility……,,…… 1603 10.8. 4 Collation Coercibility in Expressions 1604 10.8.5 The binary Collation Compared to bin Collations 1605 10.8.6 Examples of the Effect of Collation 1608 10.8.7 Using Collation in INFORMATION SCHEMA Searches 1609 10.9 Unicode Support .1611 10.9.1 The utf8mb4 Character Set(4-Byte UTF-8 Unicode Encoding) 1612 10.92 The utfs8mb3 Character set(3- Byte UTF-8 Unicode Encoding)…………1613 10.9.3 The utf8 Character Set (Alias for utf8mb3) 1614 10.9.4 The ucs2 Character Set(UCS-2 Unicode Encoding) 1614 10.9.5 The utf6 Character set(UTF-16 Unicode encoding)……,………1614 10.9.6 The utf1 6le Character Set (UTF-16LE Unicode Encoding .1615 10.9.7 The utf32 Character Set (UTF-32 Unicode Encoding) 1615 10.9.8 Converting Between 3-Byte and 4-Byte Unicode Character Sets 1615 10.10 Supported Character Sets and Collations 1618 10.10.1 Unicode Character Sets 1619 10. 10.2 West European Character Sets 1625 10.10.3 Central European character Sets 1627 10.10. 4 South European and middle east character sets 1628 0.10.5 Baltic Character sets 1628 10.10.6 Cyrillic character Sets 1629 10.10.7 Asian Character Sets 1629 10.10. 8 The Binary Character Set 1634 10.11 Setting the Error Message Language 1634 10. 12 Adding a Character Set 1635 10.12.1 Character Definition Arrays .1637 10.12.2 String Collating Support for Complex Character Sets 1638 10.12.3 Multi-Byte Character Support for Complex Character Sets 1638 10.13 Adding a Collation to a Character Set 1638 10.13. 1 Collation Implementation Types 1639 10. 13.2 Choosing a Collation ID 1642 10.13. 3 Adding a Simple Collation to an 8-Bit Character Set 1643 0. 13. 4 Adding a UCA Collation to a Unicode Character Set 1644 10.14 Character Set Configuration 1651 10.15 MySQL Server Locale Support 1652 11 Data Types 1655 11.1 Data Type Overview 1656 11.1.1 Numeric Type Overview…… 1656 11.1.2 Date and Time Type Overview 1660 11.1.3 String Type Overview 1661 11.2 Numeric Types 1665 11.2. 1 Integer Types(Exact Value)-INTEGER, INT, SMALLINT, TINYINT MEDIUMINT BIGINT 1666 11.2.2 Fixed-Point Types(Exact Value)-DECIMAL, NUMERIC 1666 1123 Floating- Point Types( Approximate value)- FLOAT, DOUBLE…………16 11.2.4 Bit-Value Type-BIT 1667 11.2.5 Numeric Type Attributes 1667