ISTQB基础级教学大纲2018英语版资源-CSDN文库

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Certified Tester

Foundation Level Syllabus

Version 2018 Version

International Software Testing Qualifications Board

Certified Tester

Foundation Level Syllabus

International

Software Testing

Qualifications Board

Version 2018 Page 2 of 96 4 June 2018

This document may be copied in its entirety, or extracts made, if the source is acknowledged.

ISTQB is a registered trademark of the International Software Testing Qualifications Board.

Black (project manager), Debra Friedenberg, Matthias Hamburg, Judy McKay, Meile Posthuma, Hans

Schaefer, Radoslaw Smilgin, Mike Smith, Steve Toms, Stephanie Ulrich, Marie Walsh, and Eshraka

Zakaria.

ISTQB WG Foundation Level.

Rahul Verma.

Friedenberg and Erik van Veenendaal.

Olsen, Maaret Pyhäjärvi, Geoff Thompson, and Erik van Veenendaal.

The authors hereby transfer the copyright to the International Software Testing Qualifications Board

(ISTQB). The authors (as current copyright holders) and ISTQB (as the future copyright holder) have

agreed to the following conditions of use:

Any individual or training company may use this syllabus as the basis for a training course if the authors

and the ISTQB are acknowledged as the source and copyright owners of the syllabus and provided that

any advertisement of such a training course may mention the syllabus only after submission for official

accreditation of the training materials to an ISTQB recognized Member Board.

Any individual or group of individuals may use this syllabus as the basis for articles, books, or other

derivative writings if the authors and the ISTQB are acknowledged as the source and copyright owners of

the syllabus.

Any ISTQB-recognized Member Board may translate this syllabus and license the syllabus (or its

translation) to other parties.

Certified Tester

Foundation Level Syllabus

International

Software Testing

Qualifications Board

Version 2018 Page 4 of 96 4 June 2018

Table of Contents

Copyright Notice............................................................................................................................................2

Revision History ............................................................................................................................................3

Table of Contents..........................................................................................................................................4

Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................................7

0 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................9

0.1 Purpose of this Syllabus .............................................................................................................. 9

0.2 The Certified Tester Foundation Level in Software Testing ........................................................ 9

0.3 Examinable Learning Objectives and Cognitive Levels of Knowledge .....................................10

0.4 The Foundation Level Certificate Exam ....................................................................................10

0.5 Accreditation ..............................................................................................................................10

0.6 Level of Detail ............................................................................................................................11

0.7 How this Syllabus is Organized .................................................................................................11

1 Fundamentals of Testing....................................................................................................................12

1.1 What is Testing? ........................................................................................................................13

1.1.1 Typical Objectives of Testing ................................................................................................ 13

1.1.2 Testing and Debugging .........................................................................................................14

1.2 Why is Testing Necessary? ....................................................................................................... 14

1.2.1 Testing’s Contributions to Success .......................................................................................14

1.2.2 Quality Assurance and Testing .............................................................................................15

1.2.3 Errors, Defects, and Failures................................................................................................. 15

1.2.4 Defects, Root Causes and Effects ........................................................................................ 16

1.3 Seven Testing Principles ...........................................................................................................16

1.4 Test Process..............................................................................................................................17

1.4.1 Test Process in Context ........................................................................................................17

1.4.2 Test Activities and Tasks....................................................................................................... 18

1.4.3 Test Work Products...............................................................................................................22

1.4.4 Traceability between the Test Basis and Test Work Products.............................................. 24

1.5 The Psychology of Testing ........................................................................................................25

1.5.1 Human Psychology and Testing............................................................................................ 25

1.5.2 Tester’s and Developer’s Mindsets ....................................................................................... 25

2 Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle..................................................................27

2.1 Software Development Lifecycle Models................................................................................... 28

2.1.1 Software Development and Software Testing....................................................................... 28

2.1.2 Software Development Lifecycle Models in Context............................................................. 29

2.2 Test Levels.................................................................................................................................30

2.2.1 Component Testing ...............................................................................................................31

2.2.2 Integration Testing.................................................................................................................32

2.2.3 System Testing......................................................................................................................34

2.2.4 Acceptance Testing...............................................................................................................36

2.3 Test Types ................................................................................................................................. 39

2.3.1 Functional Testing .................................................................................................................39

2.3.2 Non-functional Testing ..........................................................................................................40

2.3.3 White-box Testing .................................................................................................................40

2.3.4 Change-related Testing.........................................................................................................41

2.3.5 Test Types and Test Levels .................................................................................................. 41

Certified Tester

Foundation Level Syllabus

International

Software Testing

Qualifications Board

Version 2018 Page 5 of 96 4 June 2018

2.4 Maintenance Testing .................................................................................................................42

2.4.1 Triggers for Maintenance ......................................................................................................43

2.4.2 Impact Analysis for Maintenance ..........................................................................................43

3 Static Testing......................................................................................................................................45

3.1 Static Testing Basics .................................................................................................................46

3.1.1 Work Products that Can Be Examined by Static Testing...................................................... 46

3.1.2 Benefits of Static Testing.......................................................................................................46

3.1.3 Differences between Static and Dynamic Testing.................................................................47

3.2 Review Process .........................................................................................................................48

3.2.1 Work Product Review Process.............................................................................................. 48

3.2.2 Roles and responsibilities in a formal review ........................................................................49

3.2.3 Review Types ........................................................................................................................50

3.2.4 Applying Review Techniques ................................................................................................52

3.2.5 Success Factors for Reviews ................................................................................................ 53

4 Test Techniques .................................................................................................................................55

4.1 Categories of Test Techniques..................................................................................................56

4.1.1 Choosing Test Techniques....................................................................................................56

4.1.2 Categories of Test Techniques and Their Characteristics .................................................... 57

4.2 Black-box Test Techniques .......................................................................................................58

4.2.1 Equivalence Partitioning........................................................................................................58

4.2.2 Boundary Value Analysis ......................................................................................................58

4.2.3 Decision Table Testing..........................................................................................................59

4.2.4 State Transition Testing ........................................................................................................ 60

4.2.5 Use Case Testing..................................................................................................................60

4.3 White-box Test Techniques ....................................................................................................... 60

4.3.1 Statement Testing and Coverage.......................................................................................... 61

4.3.2 Decision Testing and Coverage ............................................................................................61

4.3.3 The Value of Statement and Decision Testing...................................................................... 61

4.4 Experience-based Test Techniques .......................................................................................... 61

4.4.1 Error Guessing ...................................................................................................................... 61

4.4.2 Exploratory Testing ...............................................................................................................62

4.4.3 Checklist-based Testing ........................................................................................................62

5 Test Management...............................................................................................................................63

5.1 Test Organization ......................................................................................................................64

5.1.1 Independent Testing.............................................................................................................. 64

5.1.2 Tasks of a Test Manager and Tester .................................................................................... 65

5.2 Test Planning and Estimation.................................................................................................... 67

5.2.1 Purpose and Content of a Test Plan ..................................................................................... 67

5.2.2 Test Strategy and Test Approach..........................................................................................67

5.2.3 Entry Criteria and Exit Criteria (Definition of Ready and Definition of Done)........................68

5.2.4 Test Execution Schedule.......................................................................................................69

5.2.5 Factors Influencing the Test Effort ........................................................................................69

5.2.6 Test Estimation Techniques ..................................................................................................70

5.3 Test Monitoring and Control ...................................................................................................... 71

5.3.1 Metrics Used in Testing......................................................................................................... 71

5.3.2 Purposes, Contents, and Audiences for Test Reports.......................................................... 72

5.4 Configuration Management .......................................................................................................73

5.5 Risks and Testing ......................................................................................................................73

5.5.1 Definition of Risk....................................................................................................................73

5.5.2 Product and Project Risks ..................................................................................................... 73

5.5.3 Risk-based Testing and Product Quality...............................................................................75

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