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Discover more online
All the tables and charts found in the printed edition are available
at bp.com/statisticalreview plus a number of extras, including:
• The energy charting tool – view predetermined reports or chart
specific data according to energy type, region, country and year.
• Historical data from 1965 for many sections. Additional
country and regional coverage for all consumption tables.
• An Excel workbook and database format of the data.
Download the bp World Energy app
Explore the world of energy from your tablet or smartphone.
Customize charts and perform the calculations. Review
the data online and offline. Download the app for free from
the Apple App Store and Google play store.
For 66 years, the BP Statistical Review of World
Energy has provided high-quality objective and
globally consistent data on world energy markets.
The review is one of the most widely respected
and authoritative publications in the field of energy
economics, used for reference by the media,
academia, world governments and energy
companies. A new edition is published every June.
Discover more online
All the tables and charts found in the latest printed
edition are available at bp.com/statisticalreview
plus a number of extras, including:
• The energy charting tool – view
predetermined reports or chart specific data
according to energy type, region, country
and year.
• Historical data from 1965 for many sections.
• Additional data for refined oil production
demand, natural gas, coal, hydroelectricity,
nuclear energy and renewables.
• PDF versions and PowerPoint slide packs of
the charts, maps and graphs, plus an Excel
workbook of the data.
• Regional and country factsheets.
• Videos and speeches.
Energy Outlook
Watch the BP Energy Outlook 2017 video,
containing our projections of long-term energy
trends to 2035. Download the booklet and
presentation materials at bp.com/energyoutlook
Join the conversation
#BPstats
Download the BP World Energy app
Explore the world of energy from your tablet or
smartphone. Customize charts and perform the
calculations. Review the data online and offline.
Download the app for free from the Apple
App Store and Google play store.
Disclaimer
The data series for proved oil and gas reserves in BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2017 does not necessarily
meet the definitions, guidelines and practices used for determining proved reserves at company level, for instance, as
published by the US Securities and Exchange Commission, nor does it necessarily represent BP’s view of proved
reserves by country. Rather, the data series has been compiled using a combination of primary official sources and
third-party data.
The Statistical Review of World Energy analyses
data on world energy markets from the prior year.
The Review has been providing timely, comprehensive
and objective data to the energy community since 1952.
1
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2022
Introduction
2 Chief economist’s introduction
3 2021 at a glance
4 2021: Six key charts
Primary energy
8 Consumption
9 Consumption by fuel
11 Consumption per capita
CO2
Carbon
1 2 Carbon dioxide emissions
from energy
13 Natural gas: Flaring
14 Carbon dioxide
equivalent emissions
Oil
1 5 Production
20 Consumption
2 4 Prices
2 5 Refining
2 7 Trade movements
Natural gas
2 9 Production
3 1 Consumption
3 3 Prices
3 6 Trade movements
Coal
38 Production
39 Consumption
40 Prices and trade movements
Nuclear energy
4 1 Consumption
Hydroelectricity
4 2 Consumption
Renewable energy
4 3 Renewables consumption
44 Renewable power generation
45 Generation by source
46 Solar capacity
47 Wind capacity
48 Biofuels production
49 Biofuels consumption
Electricity
5 0 Generation
51 Generation by fuel
Key minerals
5 2 Production
53 Reserves
53 Prices
Methodology
54 More detail on the methodology
Appendices
56 Approximate conversion factors
56 Definitions
5 7 More information
Contents
Acknowledgements
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the many contacts
worldwide who provide the publicly available data for this publication, and to
the researchers at the Centre for Energy Economics Research and Policy,
Heriot-Watt University who assist in the data compilation.
2
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2022
The challenges and uncertainties facing the global energy system
are at their greatest for almost 50 years, since the time of the last
great energy shocks of the 1970s.
Most immediate is the impact of the terrible events taking place
in Ukraine, with its tragic toll on lives and communities. The war
also threatens to lead to shortages in food and energy, which
could detract materially from health and wellbeing across the
globe. From an energy perspective, the growing shortages and
increasing prices highlight the continuing importance of energy
‘security’ and ‘affordability’ alongside ‘lower carbon’ when
addressing the energy trilemma.
This immediate challenge sits alongside the need for the world
to achieve a deep and rapid decarbonization consistent with
meeting the Paris climate goals. Considerable progress has
been made in sovereign pledges to achieve net zero, but those
growing ambitions have yet to translate into tangible progress
on the ground: carbon emissions have risen in every year
since the Paris goals were agreed (other than in 2020 at the
height of the COVID-19 pandemic). The world remains on an
unsustainable path.
Chief economist’s introduction
Added to those challenges, as COVID-19 restrictions around much
of the world are relaxed and economic activity recovers, energy
consumption is expanding sharply increasing the demands on
available energy supplies and highlighting fragilities in the system.
Responding to those multiple challenges and uncertainties
requires timely, objective and comprehensive data. That is the role
bp’s Statistical Review of World Energy has been playing for the
past 71 years and continues to play this year.
This year’s data show a sharp bounce back in global primary
energy in 2021, increasing by almost 6% and more than reversing
the sharp fall in energy consumption in 2020 as much of the world
locked down. Primary energy use in 2021 is estimated to be more
than 1% above its 2019 level.
In many ways, this sharp rebound in energy demand is a sign of
global success, driven by a rapid recovery in economic activity
as the widespread distribution of effective vaccines allowed for
an easing in COVID-19 restrictions in many parts of the world
and a return to our everyday lives. But it also highlights that the
pronounced dip in carbon emissions in 2020 was only temporary:
carbon equivalent emissions from energy (including methane),
industrial processes, and flaring increased by 5.7% last year.
Smoothing through the impact of the pandemic, emissions were
broadly unchanged over the past two years.
Encouragingly, renewable energy, led by wind and solar power,
continued to grow strongly and now accounts for 13% of total
power generation. Renewable generation increased by almost
17% in 2021 and accounted for over half of the increase in global
power generation over the past two years.
The low-carbon energy sources and technologies needed to
achieve a fast and deep decarbonization exist today – wind
and solar power, biofuels, blue and green hydrogen, CCUS
(carbon capture, use and storage), and carbon dioxide removals.
The challenge is to apply them at unprecedented pace and scale.
At bp, we remain committed to playing our role as we pursue our
net zero ambition. I hope this year’s Review is of use to others
following a similar pathway. I would like to thank all those who
help us compile the Review, including the governments and
statistical agencies around the world who have contributed their
official data again. The Statistical Review would not be possible
without your continuing support and transparency.
Thank you.
Spencer Dale
Chief economist
June 2022
The pronounced dip in carbon emissions
in 2020 was only temporary.
3
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2022
Energy developments
• Primary energy demand increased by 5.8% in 2021, exceeding
2019 levels by 1.3%.
• Between 2019 and 2021, renewable energy increased by over
8 EJ. Consumption of fossil fuels was broadly unchanged.
• Fossil fuels accounted for 82% of primary energy use last year,
down from 83% in 2019 and 85% five years ago.
Carbon emissions
• Carbon dioxide emissions from energy use, industrial processes,
flaring and methane (in carbon dioxide equivalent) rose 5.7% in
2021 to 39.0 GtCO
2
e, with carbon dioxide emissions from energy
rising 5.9% to 33.9 GtCO
2
, close to 2019 levels.
• Carbon dioxide emissions from flaring and emissions from
methane and industrial processes rose more modestly by
2.9% and 4.6% respectively.
Oil
• Oil prices averaged $70.91/bbl in 2021, the second highest level
since 2015.
• Oil consumption increased by 5.3 million barrels per day (b/d) in
2021 but remained 3.7 million b/d below 2019 levels.
• A majority of the consumption growth came from gasoline
(1.8 million b/d) and diesel/gasoil (1.3 million b/d). Regionally,
most of the growth took place in the US (1.5 million b/d), China
(1.3 million b/d) and the EU (570,000 b/d).
• Global oil production increased by 1.4 million b/d in 2021, with
OPEC+ accounting for more than three-quarters of the increase.
Among all countries, Libya (840,000 b/d), Iran (540,000 b/d) and
Canada (300,000 b/d) saw the largest increases. Nigeria
(-200,000 b/d), the UK (-170,000 b/d) and Angola (-150,000 b/d)
reported the biggest declines.
• Refinery capacity declined for the first time in over 30 years by
almost 500,000 b/d last year driven by a sharp reduction in the
OECD (1.1 million b/d). As a result, refining capacity in the OECD
in 2021 was at its lowest level since 1998.
Natural gas
• Natural gas prices rebounded strongly across all three major gas
regions in 2021, rising fourfold to record annual levels in Europe
(TTF averaging $16/mmBtu) and tripling in the Asian LNG spot
market (JKM averaging $18.6/mmBtu). US Henry Hub prices
nearly doubled to average $3.8/mmBtu in 2021 – their highest
annual level since 2014.
• Global natural gas demand grew 5.3% in 2021, recovering above
pre-pandemic 2019 levels and crossing the 4 Tcm mark for the
first time. Its share in primary energy in 2021 was unchanged
from the previous year at 24%.
• LNG supply grew 5.6% (+26 Bcm) to 516 Bcm in 2021, its
slowest rate of growth since 2015 (other than in 2020). LNG
supply from the US rose by 34 Bcm, accounting for most of the
new incremental supplies and more than offsetting declines from
mainly other Atlantic Basin exporters.
• China surpassed Japan as the world’s largest LNG importer and
accounted for close to 60% of global LNG demand growth in 2021.
• Algerian pipeline exports to Europe were the largest source of
pipeline supply growth to the region (+13 Bcm) last year, followed
by Azerbaijan (+6 Bcm). While Russian pipeline supply to Europe
overall was steady at 167 Bcm in 2021, exports to the EU
decreased by 8.2% (-12 Bcm).
Coal
• Coal prices rose dramatically in 2021, with European prices
averaging $121/tonne and the Asian marker price averaging
$145/t, its highest since 2008.
• Coal consumption grew over 6% in 2021 to 160 EJ, slightly above
2019 levels and its highest level since 2014.
• China and India accounted for over 70% of the growth in coal
demand in 2021, increasing by 3.7 and 2.7 EJ, respectively.
• Global production matched consumption with an increase in
supply of 440 Mt. China and India accounted for much of the
increase in production, which was largely consumed domestically,
as well as Indonesia, supporting higher exports.
• Notably, both Europe and North America showed an increase
in coal consumption in 2021 after nearly 10 years of back-to-
back declines.
Renewables, hydro and nuclear
• Renewable primary energy (including biofuels but excluding
hydro) increased by around 5.1 EJ in 2021 – corresponding to an
annual growth rate of 15%, stronger than the previous year’s 9%,
and higher than that of any other fuel in 2021.
• Solar and wind capacity continued to grow rapidly in 2021,
increasing by 226 GW, close to the record increase of 236 GW
seen in 2020.
• China remained the main driver of solar and wind capacity growth
last year, accounting for about 36% and 40% of the global
capacity additions, respectively.
• Hydroelectricity generation decreased by around 1.4% in 2021,
the first fall since 2015. In contrast, nuclear generation increased
by 4.2% – the strongest increase since 2004 – led by China.
Electricity
• Electricity generation increased by 6.2% in 2021 – similar to the
strong bounce back seen in 2010 in the aftermath of the financial
crisis (6.4%).
• Wind and solar reached a 10.2% share of power generation in
2021, the first time wind and solar power have provided more
than 10% of global power and surpassing the contribution of
nuclear energy.
• Coal remained the dominant fuel for power generation in 2021,
with its share increasing to 36%, up from 35.1% in 2020.
• Natural gas in power generation increased by 2.6% in 2021,
although its share decreased from 23.7% in 2020 to 22.9% in 2021.
Key minerals
• The price of cobalt increased 63% in 2021 to average $51,000/
tonne. Similarly, lithium carbonate prices rose 58% to average
$11,000/tonne. So far in 2022, mineral prices have continued
to surge.
• Lithium production rose sharply by 27%, cobalt output was
up by only 4%.
Energy demand and emissions bounced back
to around pre-pandemic levels in 2021, reversing
the temporary reduction in 2020 resulting from
the COVID-19 pandemic.
2021 at a glance
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