23.3Understanding composite layups and
orientations
The orientation of the bers within each ply of a composite layup
plays an important role in determining the physical qualities of your
model; however, dening this orientation in a model based on a
real-world application is not straightforward. Composite layups in
Abaqus/CAE make the process more manageable by deriving the
orientation of the bers from three parameters that are relative to
each other—the layup orientation, the ply orientation, and an
additional rotation—as shown in Figure 23–5.
Figure 23–5 Determining the ply orientation.
Layup orientation
The layup orientation denes the base or reference orientation of all
the plies in the layup. In conventional and continuum shell layups,
Abaqus projects the specied orientation onto the surface of the
shell, aligning the direction of the layup orientation that you choose
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