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ATLAS/ICESat-2 L3A Sea Ice Height, Version 6

USER GUIDE

FOR QUESTIONS ABOUT THESE DATA, CONTACT NSIDC@NSIDC.ORG

FOR CURRENT INFORMATION, VISIT https://nsidc.org/data/ATL07

How to Cite These Data

As a condition of using these data, you must include a citation:

Kwok, R., A. Petty, G. Cunningham, T. Markus, D. W. Hancock III, A. Ivanoff, J. Wimert, M. Bagnardi,

N. Kurtz, and the ICESat-2 Science Team. 2023. ATLAS/ICESat-2 L3A Sea Ice Height, Version 6.

[Indicate subset used]. Boulder, Colorado USA. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed

Active Archive Center. https://doi.org/10.5067/ATLAS/ATL07.006. [Date Accessed].

USER GUIDE: ATLAS/ICESat-2 L3A Sea Ice Height, Version 6 
Page 1 of 17 
National Snow and Ice Data Center 
nsidc.org 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
1  DATA DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................. 2 
  Parameters ............................................................................................................................................ 2 
  File Information ...................................................................................................................................... 2 
1.2.1  Format.......................................................................................................................................... 2 
1.2.2  ATLAS/ICESat-2 Description ....................................................................................................... 2 
1.2.3  File Contents ................................................................................................................................ 6 
1.2.4  Data Groups................................................................................................................................. 6 
1.2.5  Naming Convention ..................................................................................................................... 8 
1.2.6  Browse Files ................................................................................................................................ 8 
  Spatial Information................................................................................................................................. 9 
1.3.1  Coverage ..................................................................................................................................... 9 
1.3.2  Resolution .................................................................................................................................... 9 
1.3.3  Geolocation .................................................................................................................................. 9 
  Temporal Information .......................................................................................................................... 10 
1.4.1  Coverage ................................................................................................................................... 10 
1.4.2  Resolution .................................................................................................................................. 10 
2  DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING ............................................................................... 11 
  Background ......................................................................................................................................... 11 
  Acquisition ........................................................................................................................................... 12 
2.2.1  ATL03 ........................................................................................................................................ 12 
2.2.2  ATL09 ........................................................................................................................................ 13 
2.2.3  External inputs ........................................................................................................................... 13 
  Processing ........................................................................................................................................... 13 
2.3.1  Product Coverage ...................................................................................................................... 13 
2.3.2  Surface Finding .......................................................................................................................... 13 
2.3.3  Surface Type.............................................................................................................................. 14 
  Quality, Errors, and Limitations ........................................................................................................... 15 
3  VERSION HISTORY ................................................................................................................. 16 
4  DOCUMENT INFORMATION.................................................................................................... 17 
  Publication Date .................................................................................................................................. 17 
  Date Last Updated............................................................................................................................... 17 
 
 

USER GUIDE: ATLAS/ICESat-2 L3A Sea Ice Height, Version 6

Page 2 of 17

National Snow and Ice Data Center

nsidc.org

1 DATA DESCRIPTION

Parameters

Along-track sea ice and sea surface height. Sea ice heights are referenced to the time-varying sea

surface, which includes ocean tides, the inverse barometer effect, and other corrections.

File Information

1.2.1 Format

Data are provided as HDF5 formatted files.

1.2.2 ATLAS/ICESat-2 Description

NOTE: The following brief description of the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2)

observatory and Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) instrument is provided to help

users better understand the file naming conventions, internal structure of data files, and other details

referenced by this user guide. The ATL07 data product is described in detail in the Ice, Cloud, and land

Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) Project Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD) for Sea Ice

Products (ATBD for ATL07/10/20/21 | V6, https://doi.org/10.5067/9VT7NJWOTV3I)

The ICESat-2 observatory utilizes a photon-counting lidar (the ATLAS instrument) and ancillary

systems (GPS, star cameras, and ground processing) to measure the time a photon takes to travel

from ATLAS to Earth and back again and determine the reflected photon's geodetic latitude and

longitude. Laser pulses from ATLAS illuminate three left/right pairs of spots on the surface that

trace out six approximately 14 m wide ground tracks as ICESat-2 orbits Earth. Each ground track is

numbered according to the laser spot number that generates it, with ground track 1L (GT1L) on the

far left and ground track 3R (GT3R) on the far right. Left/right spots within each pair are

approximately 90 m apart in the across-track direction and 2.5 km in the along-track direction. The

ATL07 data product is organized by ground track, with ground tracks 1L and 1R forming pair one,

ground tracks 2L and 2R forming pair two, and ground tracks 3L and 3R forming pair three. Each

pair also has a Pair Track—an imaginary line halfway between the actual location of the left and

right beams (see Figure 1). Pair tracks are approximately 3 km apart in the across-track direction.

The beams within each pair have different transmit energies—so-called weak and strong beams—

with an energy ratio between them of approximately 1:4. The mapping between the strong and

weak beams of ATLAS, and their relative position on the ground, depends on the orientation (yaw)

of the ICESat-2 observatory, which is changed approximately twice per year to maximize solar

illumination of the solar panels. The forward orientation corresponds to ATLAS traveling along the

USER GUIDE: ATLAS/ICESat-2 L3A Sea Ice Height, Version 6

Page 3 of 17

National Snow and Ice Data Center

nsidc.org

+x coordinate in the ATLAS instrument reference frame (see Figure 1, left). In this orientation, the

weak beams lead the strong beams and a weak beam is on the left edge of the beam pattern. In

the backward orientation, ATLAS travels along the -x coordinate, in the instrument reference frame,

with the strong beams leading the weak beams and a strong beam on the left edge of the beam

pattern (see Figure 1, right). The first yaw flip was performed on 28 December 2018, placing the

spacecraft into the backward orientation. The current spacecraft orientation, as well as a history of

previous yaw flips, is available in the ICESat-2 Major Activities tracking document (.xlsx).

The Reference Ground Track (RGT) refers to the imaginary track on Earth at which a specified unit

vector within the observatory is pointed. During nominal operating conditions onboard software

aims the laser beams so that the RGT is between ground tracks 2L and 2R (i.e., coincident with

Pair Track 2). The ICESat-2 mission acquires data along 1,387 different RGTs. Each RGT is

targeted in the polar regions once every 91 days to allow elevation changes to be detected. Cycle

numbers track the number of 91-day periods that have elapsed since the ICESat-2 observatory

entered the science orbit. RGTs are uniquely identified, for example in ATL02 file names, by

appending the two-digit cycle number (cc) to the RGT number, e.g., 0001cc to 1387cc.

Figure 1. Spot and ground track (GT) naming convention with

ATLAS oriented in the forward (instrument coordinate +x) direction

and backward (instrument coordinate -x) direction.

Under normal operating conditions, data are not collected along the RGT; however, during

spacecraft slews, or off-pointing, some ground tracks may intersect the RGT. Off-pointing refers to

a series of plans over the mid-latitudes that have been designed to facilitate a global ground and

canopy height data product with approximately 2 km track spacing. Off-pointing began on 1 August

2019 with RGT 518, after the ATLAS/ICESat-2 PPD and POD solutions had been adequately

resolved and the instrument had pointed directly at the reference ground track for at least a full 91

days (1,387 orbits).

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