写​这​篇​文​章​只​是​因​为​在​网​上​搜​ ​E​A​C​ ​设​置​或​教​程​一​类​的​中​文​文​章​时​发​现​,​几​乎​都​是​抄​来​抄​去​,​w​i​k​i​.​h​y​d​r​o​g​e​n​a​u​d​i​o​.​i​o​ ​有​很​完​整​的​叙​述​,​我​却​没​看​到​中​文​的​转​载​文​章​,​网​上​流​传​的​关​于​偏​移​的​设​置​,​几​乎​很​少​涉​及​通​读​对​偏​移​校​正​的​影​响​。​ ​我​写​这​篇​文​章​是​想​告​诉​大​家​,​通​读​能​力​配​合​偏​移​校​正​是​抓​取​完​美​整​轨​的​先​决​
Read offset. correct ion Overread into lead-In and Lead-Out N Fill up missing offset samples with silence Yes 没有开启通读,为使得得到的WAV长度不 Delete leading and trailing silent blocks 变,应开启用静音填充丢失的采样偏移 Null samples used in CRC calculations Used interface Native win32 interface for win nt& 2000 sed output format Internal WAv Routines Sample format 44. 100 Hz: 16 Bit: Stereo Peak level 99.3 Extraction speed 2. X Range quality 100.0 Copy CRC OF4EE698 Copy CRC不一致了,说明 得到的WAV有差别 py No errors occurred 结果显示,( opy crC不一致了,说明两个WAV不一致。为查看这两个WAV究竞哪里不一致,接下来 直接比较这两个WAV的二进制值( Beyond Compare可做二进制比较),不同之处列下表 地址 Copy CRC 1CB17F1F 地址 Copy CRC OF4EE69 8 17F6E144 F3 FF F3 FF F3 FF F3 FF oyoyoyoy 17F6E144 F3 FF F3 FF F3 FF F3 Ff oyoyoyoy 17F6E14C F3 FF F3 FF F3 FF F3 Ff bybyoyoy 17F6E14C F3 FF F3 FF F3 FF F3 FF oyoybyoy 17F6E14|B3FFB3FR3FFF06oo|!=17F6140000000 17F6E15C F3 FF F3 FF F3 FF F3 FF oyoyoyoy!= 17F6E15C 00 00000000 00 00 00 ··· 1T6EI64R3FR3FFR3FFRF06o!=|17F6E1640000000000 非·鲁 17F6E16CP3FF3FFB3FF3 FF ovoyoyoy!=|17F6E16C00000000000000 17F6174R3FFr3FF3FFF3 Ff oyoyoyoy|!=17F6El740000000000000 17F6E17CB3FB3FF3 FF F3 FF yoyo!=|17F6E17C0000000000000000 17F6E184R3FFR3 FF F3 FF F3 FE0yoo!=17F6E184000000000000000 17F6E18C E3 FF F3 FF F3 FF F3 FF oyoyoyoy 1= 17F6E18C 00000000 00 00 00 00.. 17F68194 F3 FF F3 FF F3FFR3Fooo=1761940000000 17F6E19CP3FR3 FF F3 FF F3 FI!=17F6E19C00000000000 7F6E1A4 F3 FF F3 FF F3 FF F3 FF oyoyoyoy!= 17F6E1A4 00 0000 00000000 00 ······ 17FGELAC E3 FF F3 FF F3 FF F3 FF oyoyoyoy!=17F6EIAC 00000000 00 00 0000 17F6E1B4 F3 FF F3 FF F3 FF F3 FF Oyoyoyoy 1=17F6E1B4 00 000000000000 00 ... 17F6ElBC F3 FF F3 FF F3 FF F3 FF bybyoyoy 1= 17F6EIBC 00000000000000 00 17F6C4B3FF3FFB3 FF F3 FF yoyo6|!=17F6EC400000000000000…,… 结果显示:两个WAV的结尾120个字节(偏移量30*4)不同。因为 PLEXTOR PX-755SA具有+30的偏 移量,所以不勾选“诓读到Lcad-In和Lcad-Out”,导致WAV尾部120个字节被二进制0填充。如 果也不勾选“用静音填充丢失的釆样偏移”那么WAⅣ尾部这120字节将被丢担。 结论:若不勾选“通读到Lead-In和Lead-Out”,光驱偏移为+Ⅹ,那么WAV文仵尾部的4*X个字 节将无法获取,要么填充0,要么丢弃掉。之所以选择张专辑,就是因为这张专辑约WV头尾都不是 0字节,这样填充0会很容易发现,不过这样的专辑并不多,大多数专辑导入/导出区的静音都是O。 开启“通读到Lead-in和Lead-0ut”,不沦光驱偏移是多少,得到的WAV都是一致的,并且很容 易知道“用静音填充丢失的采样偏移”勾选与否都不会有任何影响(区为没有天关的来样偏移啊)。 提取CD-TEXT 选取王菲一天空这张SACD碟片(:0602498068687,新艺宝9806868),读取C层。 I mg Burn没 有偏移校正能力,因此不考虑它提取的BIN,只考虑CDT和CUE。下面这段二进制是 Img Burn读出来 的CDT文件(CD-toxt),注意标记的部分: 000000008000000046865056B7900胜4696168BE98001004204B￡.Tesy.Tian白e...K 000000186F6E67005169205A6900908C80030005469616E20536869ong.Qizi..C... fian shi o00000300059666如780赃40067204c69600546961620F56 Yinhe.. g Liao.Tian6c 0000048800504054B66E6720285567067567C66D8005050F676e..Kong(Umpl四gme.ge 000000606429004A75616204C69898c8006060761600427204269d). Juan li‰CEE..an.BuB o000008616004AF442800807016962043686900A6866677810an.J6Be.. in chi. Zheng 00000090800908052054756F005368693059661590800A09073000￡...Tuo. Shi yan.E 000000A84D6566705A686F6675034800B0AOA205656E004469 2D Meng點 honghe兒..Ren.Di 0000000446172003606800D0B005A6869204A69205A68692042 DF BE Dar.6.e.. Zhi Ji Zhi Bβ列 0000008800D0c0c69004A69667a05965304465354880E0D0Ax044E...i. jing Ye De8He...D 0000066站048666知0468000F66E004A692048 an huang Ge.e..uan.JiH 000001086F753046A0FD800F0F0865660000000000000000006F13ouFy..eng 00000308001000$6166720466569005766B2B880111036720. Wang fei.Wan 0000013846669005761667204608868102120665690057616E6720Fei. Wang f.t...ei.Wang 000001504665690065B810413005761667204665690057616A4A9Fei.e°.. Wang Fei. Wan¤8 0000068801403672046656900576667204615F080615066569gFei. Wang F.百..ei 0000800057616670466569008048108160057616E670466569 Wang Fei.z.. Nang fei 00009800$61699A809170672046656900576166720464A4Wn§..gFei. Wang Fs o 00000B0810A1806669005?61667204666900558019005?61.ei. Nang Fei.W.Wa 000000866730466569005761645810D1A03670466569005761 ng Fei.Wan.gFei.Wa 000006E672046DB9801B066569005616672046656900494DngF01.ei. Wang Fei.IM 000001F885001c004369665706F6079205266379F8850010c6F7….. Cinepoly recy e….or 00000210647320436F204C746400AF6985011E000000000000000000 ds co ltd.i… 0000022800000000577F850D1F0000000000000000000000000090E9 W ···:·:······: e 0000034086002000393830363836383030302000BCm8600a0020十..9806868×十.! 00000258202000000000000000008547870022000014000000000000 G丰.". 0000027000000000F0668E00330000484B47303739343030336DA85.丘2.#.HKGo7940016… 00000888E01姓40B3800484B4730373934303031:6F2802250A36392.$8.HKG079400102.3.69 000002000484B4730373934303005CA803260931373000484B4730.HKG079400.B..170.FKG0 0000383739343035648043708331373100484B4730373934BF66794050..0171.HKG0794f 0000008E052807303031373200484B43037391C418E06290634302.(.00172.HKG079.A2.).40 000008303373300484B473037D3BD8E072A0539343030313734000173.HG070忿.*.9400174 00000300484B4730E4DB8082B043739343030337300484B4ED95HGOa.+.79400175.HKG 00000188090330373934303031373600484BEC2280AzD0247302.,079400176.HKi"2.-.G0 000003037393930303334340048263080B204B4730373934303079900344.H么.RG079400 000004831373700BCB80CF00484B47303739383030323431BB陘177.2./.HKG7980041ea 000003608E0C300C00484B473037303230303033C228E0D310B36002.0..HKG7020003A"2.1.6. 00000378484B4730373939303033D6480320A353800484B473037HKG07990030.3.58.HKRG07 0000039039393030904B80F330933353300000000000000000040D9900.R.3.35.¤ 000003A88F00340000010F03100C0000000402014E980135000000.4 Ne..5 00000300000000001033600000041280236000000000009000000 000003D800000000CA1B E 同样在CUE文件里也有对应标记部分的字段: CDTEXTFILE "Wang Fei The Sky sacd HK CD layer cdt TITLE"The Sky PERFORMER Wang fei MESSAGE Cinepoly records Co Ltd REM DISCID 9806868 FIle Wang Fei The Sky sacd HK cd layer. bin" BINArY TRACK 01 ALDIO TITLE Tian Kong PERFORMER Wang Fei ISRC HKG079400168 FLAGS DCP INDEX0000:00:00 INDEX0100:00:01 TRACK 02 ALDIO TITLE Qi Z PERFORMER Wang Fei' ISRC HKGO79400169 下面看看EAC得到的CUE文件 REM DISCID DBOFOEOF REM COMMENT ExactAudioCopy v1. 0b6 PERFORMER Wang Fei TITLE The Sky FILE Wang Fci- The Sky. waV" WAVE TRACK O1 ALDIO TITLE Tian Kong PERFORMER Wang Fei' ISRC HKG079400168 FLAGS DCP INDEX0000:00:00 INDEX0100:00:01 TRACK 02 ALDTO TITLE Qi Zi PerFORMER Wang Fci ISRC HKGO79400169 看到了吧,虽然EAC在设置里有“创建CUJE文件时使用CD-Tet信息”,但结果是EAC不能获得完 整的 CD-Text内容,所以若想得到一张 Audio cD的完美扬贝,仅仅使用FAC是不够约,还要用 I mg Burn 提取CDT和CUE。 这里说一下CUE和CDT。CUE这个文件并不真实存在于CD里面,他是软件自己创建的用于描述碟 片信息的一个文本,但是CUE确实包含了一些有用的碟片信息,如果你想要你的拷贝完美,那就要 保证CUE包含约信息是完整正确的,并且不要往CUE里面添加额外信息(添加信总那就叫DI了,原 原汁原味的完美是两码享)CDT这个文件约二进制串是真实存在于CD上的,可供软件读取识别为CD text信息,这串二进制就在CD导入区的光轨信息里。EAC只能读取部分CD-text,转换到CUE里保 存,而 Img Burn可以完熬读出CD-tcxt并保存在单独的CDT文件, Plcxtools professional读取的 PXI文件头部也含有 CD text二进制串,跟 Img Burn保存约CDT在二进制上完全一致,Nero的NRG在 文件末尾也有CDX字段标识的 Chunk,其中的二进制也跟 mg Burn保存的C)完全一致。由此,我 认为,用 I mg Burn读取 CD-text是最合适的(如果一张CD包含CD-text,那么直接就把CD-text保 存为一个CD文件,若常点接 再来说一下WV文件。 Img Burn是以 sector方式读取光约(不管是 CD/DYD BD),读取 Audio CD的时候可以选BIN,也可以选IMG,还可以选WAV,其实BIN和IMG在二进制上一栏。BIN就是把 所有 sector连接在一的二进制文件,可以说就是 User Data area(也有说 Program Area的)的 1:1二进制拷贝,WNV与BI的区别就是:WV比BIN多了44个字节的头(想知道这44个字节都用 来于什么,后文的“ The header of h4V(I)fi1e"一有介绍) 现在,我们有了用EAC获得的WAV,也有了用 Img Burn获得的CUE和CDT(有出碟片沒有 cD-tox, 因比沒有CDT文件),要把这些文件放在一起使用,就要把WAV转变成BIN(之所以不用V,是为了 减少不必要的麻烦,多工具处理M的时候会“括上一手”,后用 Nero Burning ROM生成MRG就 要使用BM,不能用MV,则MRG绕像就无法还原BN或WV了)。 把WAV转变成BIN可以直接去掉WAV文件头部44字节,剩下的部分保存为BIN,也可以把WAV, CDT和CUE(可能要编瓣一下)加入虚拟光驱(要先把CE和CDT备份一下,原始的这两个件重 要),再用 Img Burn从虚拟光驱中保存出来BIN,与之前备份的CDT和CU一起,这种方法更好。 至此, BIN+CUE(+CD)构成了原 Audio cd的完美拷贝,不过,这仍然有不止一个文件,有没有什 么办法能用一个文件保存 BIN+CUE(+CD)呢?答案是NRG,需要将 BIN+CUE(+CDT)转换为NRG。 将 BIN+CUE(+CDT)转换为NRG 打开 Nero burning rom,选择刻录机为 T mage recorder,选“刻录昳像文件”,加载CUE即可, 般就会直接生成NRG了。别急,生成的NRG要校验,方法是,把NRG加入虚拟光驱(一般角 Daemon Tools),用 ImgBurn提取WAV+CUE(+CDT),看看跟之前的文件是不是完全一样。一般来说,WAV与EAv 抓轧的WAV在二进制上完全相同,CDT也与 I Burn抓取的CDT一模一样,CUE需要看看内容有没有 缺少。这里会出现这么几种情况: 加载CU进 Nero burning rom出现错误:载入 cue sheet文件'XXXX期间出现错误(行n)。打 开CUE,看看行n是不是类似 MESSAGE"XXXx"的字段,如果是,那么你大可放心删除这行,因为 这行信息来源于CD-tcxt,CDT文仵已经包含了,删除这行之后即可顺利生成NRG,校验的时候你 会发现也没有这行信息,不必担心,这个是虛拟光驱的不足,你可以把NRG刻盘,再抓取就有了。 2.校验发现(LE缺少 FLAGS DCP字段。不必担心,你什么都不用做,这个还是虚拟光驱没有很好支 持NRG的缘故,你可以把NRG刻盘,再抓取就有了。或者你可以不用刻盘,直接在NRG里就能看 见:用 Binary viewer打开NRG文件,一直拉到文件末尾处,找到CUEX(Ox43554558)那个 chunk, 就像下面这样: 288DABC8|00000000000000000000000000000000 288DA8E0|43554.580000010001000000 FFFF FF6A21010000FFFF6ACUE. 亚亚j!.亚並 288DA8F821010100000000012102000000004cCB210010000004CCB!.!.L! 288DA91021030000000DC210301000000MD21040000000EF9 i U! U! IU 288DA928a1040100000EFF92105000001471931050100014719!.101!..G.!..G 28DA940|1060000187B92106010000187B92107000001CE50! 1 288DA958210701000001CE5D21080000000222D21080100002221.1]! 看到标出来的0x21了吧,那就对应于CUE的 FLAGS DCP字段。没有 FLAGS DCP字段的CUE生成 的就是0x01 3.校验发现CUE缺少 CATAL0G[13位数字]字段。如果你原来的CUE包含 CATAL0G[13位数字]字段 (就是EM条编子),那么你需要修攻NG使得NRG包含这个信息,因为 Nero burning rom无 法将CUE的 CATALOG信息转移到NRG里面。具体的做法是,打开NRG文件,一直拉到文件末尾处, 找到DAOX(Ox44458)那个 chunk,把DAOX???后面的13个0x00改为 CATAL0G的13位 数字,就像下面这样: CUE里包含 CATALOG0075596050920字段 地址 修改前的NRG 地址 修改后的NRG B7006940002FBF44414F58.4①DA0x1B7006940002FBE44414F58.DA0x 1B70069c0000019000000190 1B70069c|0000019000000190 B70064|0000000000000000.1B7006A4|303037353539363000755960 B7006AC|0000000000000001 B7006C|353039323000000150920. B7006B401095545453139.JsE191B7006B401095545453139.JsE19 B7006BC|3930303332 900321B7006Bc3930303332 90032 修改后的NRG再检验你就会发现不会缺少 CATALOG字段了。 最后我来说说NRG文件的细构。对 Audio cd而言,NRG文件头部是352,800个字节,都是0x00, 接下来就是BIN文件那部分,接着依次是 CLEX chunk,DA0 X chunk, CDTX chunk(沒有 cD-text就 没有这个字段), sInF chunk, MTYP chunk,FN! Chunk,NFR5 chunk。关于这几个 chunk的介绍可 以查阅文结尾,也可以直接访问 Wikipedia。 NRG的好处就是,不论你用什么样的设备,只要按照这个步骤走下来,得到的NRG是唯一的,具 有唯一的哈希校验值,相较于WAV+CUE,NRG更包含了完整的CD-text信息。 总结 制作一个完美的 Audio cd镜像,简单说就是先要准确的抓取WAV,然后获得CUE和CDT,转换至 BIN+CUE-CDT,再转成NRG。各个步骤霏要注意的事项都在前文有說明。为保证准确,EAC抓轨我都要 经过至少2台不同偏移的完美光驱进行,CDT和CUE也都要用多个光驱检验。文未给出一些有关EAC 设置的参考,WAV头文件的信息以及NRG柊式中各个 chunk的含义解释,红字部分是本文涉及到的。 一些参考 Configuring EXact Audio Copy irom ydrogenaudio Open the ac menu and edit the following options EAC OPTIONS These options are discussed in dctail in the EAc Options guidc EXTRACTION FilI up missing offset samples with silence: Checked No use of nu11 samples for CRC calculations: Unchecked (This option isn't really important and has absolutely no influence on the extraction qual ity. Synchronize between tracks: Checked (See here) Dclctc leading and trailing silent blocks: Unchecked Ship track extraction on read or sync errors: Your decision Ship track extraction after duration Zonger than: Your decision. After each: XX mins of extraction, coo down the drive for yr mins: Use only if necessary Lock drive tray during extraction: Checked(Prevents accidental opening of drive tray) a Extraction and compression priority: Normal for most situations; IdI andS⊥OW computers: High for computers with multi-corc proccssors or multiplc cPus Error recovery: Medium or lligh (Depending on the disc, setting this to high can hinder EACs ability to report errors and may not improve the odds of geling accurale dala. GENERAL-All options here do not affect the extraction and compression of the Cd so choose what T○○Ls Retrieve UPC/ ISRC codes in CUE sheet generation: Your decision Use CD-Text information in CUF sheet generation: Your decision. Create n playlist on extraction: Your decisior Automatically write status roport aftcr cxtraction: Your dccision On extraction start external compressors queued in the background Checked unless it causes problems. Use only one compressor thread unless your computer has a multi-core processor or multiple cpus Do not open external compressor window: Your decision.(Depending on how the external compressor is configured this fcaturc may not work as expected. Activate beginner mode disable all advanced features: Unchecked (You're no beginner with this guide.) NORMALIZE- DISABLE normalization; this is supposed to be a lossless backup FILENAME This can be whatever you would like it. to be CATALOG- Not important DIRECTORIES Lp to you WRite -Nothing to do with extraction here INTERFACE- Try the native interface first. Tf it. doesn t work, try an externa l one DRIVE OPTIONS These options are discussed in detail in the EAc Drive Options guide EXTRACTION METHOD Select "Secure mode with the following drive features (Recommended)Place an Audio CD in the drive ind runDetect head / eatures., With the information obtained select Drive has 'Accurate Stream feature: Enable if your drive has Accurate Stream. (This setting tolls EAC not to perform additional synchronization) Drive caches audio: Enable only if EAC reports your drive as caching. If EAC reports your drive as not caching then you may safely disable this setting.(Enabling this setting cripples your extraction speed. It. provides no henefit when used with drives that are reported hy eac as not caching C2 Error Info: It is safe to enable this setting if your drive provides c2 error information but usually only when used in con junction with accuratcRip or with the generation of a scparatc test CrC to compare with the read CrC If your drive caches audio dala, it may be more efficient lo use Burs l mode in conjunction with Accuraterip and generate test crcs for tracks that cannot be verified as accurate. Tracks ripped in Burst mode that are verified with AccurateRip or generate identical read and test CRCs arc cvcry bit as secure as if they were ripped in Sccure mode DRIVE Drive read command: Select Autodetect read command now so that it will not have to figure it out every time your rip a cd Big Endian"byte order (Motorola): Only select this if extracted tracks consist of noise Otherwise, leave it disabled Swap channeLs: Only sclect this if your drive has the stereo channcls backwards. Otherwise leave it disabled Spin up drive before extraction: Only select this if your drive has difficully reading dali on spin-up. Otherwise, leave it disabled ○ FFSET/ SPEED Visit the AccurateRip Drive Offset Database to find your drive s read offset correction value. If our drive isn t in the database you may want to install AccurateRip and let it configure the read sample offset correction for you (you may want to install AccurateRip anyway since it really enhances EAC's ability to verily your rips). A more painful alTernative in determining your offset correcTion is to find at least two CDs from this /ist which give you ident ica. I resul ts when running Detect read sample offset correction Vhen using this method it is imperative that the number in the right hand column of the table matches (as closely as possible) the number found along the on inner-ring of your CD Use read sample offset correction: Enable and enter your drive s offset value into the field Ovcrrcad Lcad-In and Lcad-Out: Press the button that says Detect rcad samplc offsct correction". Enable this set ting if it says your drive can overread from both the Lead-In and Lead-Out or if it says Lead-Out and your offset correction is positive or if it says Lead-Irl and your offset correction is negative. Otherwise disable it Speed Selection: Actual (You may want to adjust this when ripping discs that produce errors. Allow spccd reduction during cxtraction Enablc ( Disabling this sctting may improve accuracy with some drives. CD-Text Read capable drive: Enable if your drive supports it GAP DETECTION Gap/Index retrieval method: This will not affect the extraction quality. Choose the method that gives the fastest results (usually method A Dotcction accuracy: Sccurc (You may havc to rcducc the lcvcl if eac hangs whilc detecting gaps. WRITER- Not related to extraction The header of WAv(riFf)file The header of a WAV (RIFF) file is 44 bytes long and has the following format Positions Sample value Description 01-04 RIFF Marks the file as a rifr file. Characters are each l byte long. 05-08 File sizc (integer) Size of the overall filc-8 bytes, in bytes (32-bit integer) typically, you d fill this in after creation 09-12 WAVE Filc Type Header, For our purposes, it always equals"WAVE". 13-16 Format chunk marker. Includes trailing null 17-20 Length of format. data as listed above 21-22 pe of format (1 is PCM)-2 byte integer 2324 Number of Channels-2 byte integer 25-28 11100 Sample rate-32 byte integer. Common values are 11100(CD) 48000(DAT). Sample Rate= Number of Samples per second, or Hertz 2932 176400 (Sample Rate BitsPer Sample Channels)/8 33-34 (BitsPer Sample Channels)/8.1-8 bit mono2-8 bit stereo/16 bit mono4-16 bit stereo 35-36 Bits per sample 37-40 ata data chunk header Marks the beginning of the data section 41-44 File size (data) Size of the data section Sample values are given above for a 16-bit stereo source NrG File format version 2 for audio) From Wikipedia The NRG file format uses a variation of the Interchange File Format (IFF) and stores data in a chain of "chunks". All integer values are stored unsigned in big endian byte order. Nero Burning RoM v5. 5 introduced a new NrG file format, version 2, with support for 64bit integers HEADER The NrG format does not store its data as a header at the beginning of a filc. It is instcad attached at the end of the file like a footer. Image information is stored as a serialized chain of IfF chunks To get the offset of the first chunk one must read the NrG fooler from the last 12 by les of the file. Size (bytes) Type Value /Purpose 4 Chunk ID"NER5 8 64bit ffset of the first chunk data chain CHUNKS (CUEX CUE SHEET The CueX chunk is the concatenation of fixed-sizo blocks, cach onc representing a cuc point The index points are present even when they are identical to the indexl ones. The index points in