Abstract
This report presents a number of models for modelling and simulation of a
stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system with a battery bank verified against a sys-
tem installed at Risø National Laboratory. The work has been supported by the
Danish Ministry of Energy, as a part of the activities in the Solar Energy Centre
Denmark.
The study is carried out at Risø National Laboratory with the main purpose to
establish a library of simple mathematical models for each individual element of
a stand-alone PV system, namely solar cells, battery, controller, inverter and
load. The models for PV module and battery are based on the model descrip-
tions found in the literature. The battery model is developed at UMASS and is
known as the Kinetic Battery Model (KiBaM). The other component models in
the PV system are based on simple electrical knowledge. The implementation is
done using Matlab/Simulink, a simulation program that provides a graphical in-
terface for building models as modular block diagrams.
The non-linear behaviour of the battery, observed in the measurements, is inves-
tigated and compared to the KiBaM model’s performance. A set of linear Black
box models are estimated based on the battery measurements. The performance
of the best linear Black box model is compared to the KiBaM model.
A validation of each of the implemented mathematical model is performed by
an interactive analysis and comparison between simulation results and meas-
urements, acquired from the stand-alone PV system at Risø.
The report has passed an internal review, performed by:
_________________ ____________
Peter Hauge Madsen Per Lundsager
ISBN 87-550-2774-1; 87-550-2776-8 (internet)
ISSN 0106-2840
ISSN 1600-3780
Layout and Print: Danka Services International A/S, 2001
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