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align=center><A name=chapter_06><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">第六章：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt">Makefile</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">中的变量</SPAN></A></H1><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">
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style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ideograph-numeric; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">在</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Makefile</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">中，变量就是一个名字（像是</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">C</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">语言中的宏），代表一个文本字符串（变量的值）。在</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Makefile</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">的目标、依赖、命令中引用一个变量的地方，变量会被它的值所取代（与</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">C</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">语言中宏引用的方式相同，因此其他版本的</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">make</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">也把变量称之为“宏”）。在</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Makefile</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">中变量的特征有以下几点：</SPAN></P>
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1.<SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 7pt; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; FONT-VARIANT: normal">
</SPAN>Makefile</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">中变量和函数的展开（除规则的命令行以外），是在</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">make</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">读取</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">makefile</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">文件时进行的，这里的变量包括了使用“</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">=</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">”定义和使用指示符“</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">define</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">”定义的。</SPAN></P>
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2.<SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 7pt; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; FONT-VARIANT: normal">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">变量可以用来代表一个文件名列表、编译选项列表、程序运行的选项参数列表、搜索源文件的目录列表、编译输出的目录列表和所有我们能够想到的事物。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN-LEFT: 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ideograph-numeric; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">3.<SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 7pt; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; FONT-VARIANT: normal">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">变量名是不包括“</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">:</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">”、“</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">#</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">”、“</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">=</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">”、前置空白和尾空白的任何字符串。需要注意的是，尽管在</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">GNU
make</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">中没有对变量的命名有其它的限制，但定义一个包含除字母、数字和下划线以外的变量的做法也是不可取的，因为除字母、数字和下划线以外的其它字符可能会在以后的</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">make</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">版本中被赋予特殊含义，并且这样命名的变量对于一些</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FO
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喜欢睡大街2014-09-11还不错额，C和C++都实用
