GerberFileFormatSpecificationGerber文件格式规格文档

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The

Gerber Format

Specification

A format developed by Ucamco

Revision 2018.06

Having a question or remark about the spec? Please contact us at gerber@ucamco.com

Contents

Contents ...................................................................................................................... 2

Figures ......................................................................................................................... 7

Tables 9

Preface ....................................................................................................................... 10

1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 11

1.1 Scope and Target Audience ............................................................................ 11

1.2 Further Resources ........................................................................................... 11

1.3 Reference Gerber Viewer ................................................................................ 11

1.4 Questions ........................................................................................................ 11

1.5 Copyright and Intellectual Property .................................................................. 13

1.6 About Ucamco ................................................................................................. 13

2 Overview ............................................................................................................... 14

2.1 File Structure ................................................................................................... 14

2.2 Apertures ......................................................................................................... 14

2.3 Graphics Objects ............................................................................................. 15

2.4 Operations (D01,D02,D03) .............................................................................. 16

2.5 Draws and Arcs ............................................................................................... 17

2.6 Graphics State ................................................................................................. 18

2.7 Polarity ............................................................................................................ 20

2.8 Blocks .............................................................................................................. 21

2.9 Attributes ......................................................................................................... 21

2.10 Command Overview ...................................................................................... 22

2.11 Processing a Gerber File ............................................................................... 23

2.12 Glossary ........................................................................................................ 25

2.13 Example Files ............................................................................................... 28

Example: Two Square Boxes .................................................................. 28

Example: Polarities and Apertures .......................................................... 29

Example: A Drill File ................................................................................ 33

2.14 Conformance ................................................................................................ 36

3 Syntax ................................................................................................................... 37

3.1 Conventions for Syntax Rules.......................................................................... 37

3.2 File Extension, MIME Type and UTI ................................................................ 38

Having a question or remark about the spec? Please contact us at gerber@ucamco.com

3.3 Character Set .................................................................................................. 39

3.4 Data Blocks ..................................................................................................... 39

3.5 Commands ...................................................................................................... 40

Commands Overview ................................................................................ 40

Function Code Commands ....................................................................... 42

Extended Commands ............................................................................... 43

3.6 Data Types ...................................................................................................... 45

Integers ..................................................................................................... 45

Decimals ................................................................................................... 45

Coordinate Data ........................................................................................ 45

Hexadecimal ............................................................................................. 45

Names ...................................................................................................... 45

Strings ...................................................................................................... 45

Fields ........................................................................................................ 46

4 Graphics ............................................................................................................... 47

4.1 Format Specification (FS) ................................................................................ 47

Coordinate Data ........................................................................................ 47

FS Command Syntax ................................................................................ 48

Example .................................................................................................... 48

4.2 Unit (MO) ......................................................................................................... 49

4.3 Aperture Definition (AD)................................................................................... 50

AD Command ........................................................................................... 50

Zero-size Apertures .................................................................................. 50

Examples .................................................................................................. 51

4.4 Standard Aperture Templates .......................................................................... 52

Overview ................................................................................................... 52

Circle ........................................................................................................ 52

Rectangle.................................................................................................. 54

Obround .................................................................................................... 55

Polygon ..................................................................................................... 56

Transparency of Holes .............................................................................. 57

4.5 Aperture Macro (AM) ....................................................................................... 58

AM Command ........................................................................................... 58

Exposure Modifier ..................................................................................... 60

Rotation Modifier ....................................................................................... 61

Primitives .................................................................................................. 62

Syntax Details ........................................................................................... 72

Examples .................................................................................................. 76

4.6 Block Aperture (AB) ......................................................................................... 80

Overview of block apertures ...................................................................... 80

AB Statement Syntax ................................................................................ 80

Usage of Block Apertures ......................................................................... 81

Example .................................................................................................... 82

Having a question or remark about the spec? Please contact us at gerber@ucamco.com

4.7 Current Aperture (Dnn) .................................................................................... 84

4.8 Operations (D01/D02/D03) .............................................................................. 85

Coordinate Data Syntax ............................................................................ 86

D01 Command .......................................................................................... 87

D02 Command .......................................................................................... 87

D03 Command .......................................................................................... 87

Example .................................................................................................... 88

4.9 Linear Interpolation Mode (G01) ...................................................................... 89

G01 Command ......................................................................................... 89

D01 Command .......................................................................................... 89

4.10 Circular Interpolation (G02/G03) and (G74/G75) ........................................... 90

Circular Arc Overview ............................................................................. 90

G02 & G03 Command ............................................................................. 92

G74 & G75 Command ............................................................................. 92

D01 Command ........................................................................................ 92

Example: Single Quadrant Mode ............................................................ 94

Example: Multi Quadrant Mode ............................................................... 96

Numerical Instability in Multi Quadrant (G75) Arcs .................................. 97

Using G74 or G75 May Result in a Different Image ................................. 97

4.11 Object Transformations (LP, LM, LR, LS) ...................................................... 99

Overview ................................................................................................. 99

Load Polarity (LP) ................................................................................. 101

Load Mirroring (LM) .............................................................................. 101

Load Rotation (LR) ................................................................................ 101

Load Scaling (LS) ................................................................................. 102

Examples .............................................................................................. 102

4.12 Region Statement (G36/G37) ...................................................................... 105

Region Overview ................................................................................... 105

Region Statement Syntax ..................................................................... 106

Valid Contours ...................................................................................... 107

Examples .............................................................................................. 108

Power and Ground Planes .................................................................... 125

4.13 Step and Repeat (SR) ................................................................................. 128

4.14 Comment (G04) .......................................................................................... 131

4.15 End-of-file (M02) ......................................................................................... 132

4.16 Numerical Accuracy in Image Processing and Visualization ........................ 133

Visualization .......................................................................................... 133

Image Processing ................................................................................. 133

5 Attributes ............................................................................................................ 135

5.1 Attributes Overview ....................................................................................... 135

5.2 File Attributes (TF) ......................................................................................... 137

5.3 Aperture Attributes (TA) ................................................................................. 137

Aperture Attributes on Regions ............................................................... 138

Having a question or remark about the spec? Please contact us at gerber@ucamco.com

5.4 Object Attributes (TO) .................................................................................... 138

5.5 Delete Attribute (TD) ...................................................................................... 138

5.6 Standard Attributes ........................................................................................ 139

Overview ................................................................................................. 139

.Part ........................................................................................................ 141

.FileFunction ........................................................................................... 142

.FilePolarity ............................................................................................. 146

.SameCoordinates .................................................................................. 147

.CreationDate .......................................................................................... 147

.GenerationSoftware ............................................................................... 148

.ProjectId ................................................................................................ 148

.MD5 ....................................................................................................... 149

.AperFunction ....................................................................................... 151

.DrillTolerance ....................................................................................... 160

.FlashText ............................................................................................. 160

.N (Net) ................................................................................................. 161

.P (Pin number) ..................................................................................... 163

.C (Component) .................................................................................... 165

5.7 Text in the Image ........................................................................................... 166

5.8 PCB Fabrication Data .................................................................................... 166

Structure ................................................................................................. 166

Alignment ................................................................................................ 166

Essential Attributes ................................................................................. 166

The Profile .............................................................................................. 167

Drill files .................................................................................................. 167

Drawings and Data ................................................................................. 168

The CAD Netlist ...................................................................................... 168

5.9 Examples ...................................................................................................... 171

6 Errors and Bad Practices ................................................................................... 173

6.1 Errors ............................................................................................................ 173

6.2 Bad Practices ................................................................................................ 176

7 Deprecated Format Elements ............................................................................ 178

7.1 Deprecated Commands ................................................................................. 178

Overview ................................................................................................. 178

Axis Select (AS) ...................................................................................... 179

Image Name (IN) .................................................................................... 180

Image Polarity (IP) .................................................................................. 181

Image Rotation (IR) ................................................................................. 181

Load Name (LN) ..................................................................................... 182

Mirror Image (MI) .................................................................................... 183

Offset (OF) .............................................................................................. 184

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