Passage 1
Unless you have visited the southern United States, you probably have never heard of
Kudzu. Kudzu, as any farmer in the south will sadly tell you, is a super-powered weed. It
is a strong climbing plant. Once it gets started, Kudzu is almost impossible to stop. It
climbs to the tops of the tallest trees. It can cover large buildings. Whole barns and farm
houses have been known to disappear from view. Wherever it grows, its thick twisting
stems are extremely hard to remove. Kudzu was once thought to be a helpful plant.
Originally found in Asia, it was brought to America to help protect the land from being
swallowed by the sea. It was planted where its tough roots which grow up to five feet
long could help hold back the soil. But the plant soon spread to places where it wasn’t
wanted. Farmers now have to fight to keep it from killing other plants. In a way, Kudzu is
a sign of labor shortage in the south. Where there is no one to work the fields, Kudzu
soon takes over. The northern United States faces no threat from Kudzu. Harsh winters
kill it off. The plant loves the warmth of the south, but the south surely doesn’t love it. If
someone could invent some use for Kudzu and remove it from southern farmland, his or
her fortune would be assured.
11. What do we learn about “Kudzu” from the passage?
12. What will happen if the fields are neglected in the southern United States?
13. Why isn’t Kudzu a threat to the northern United States?
Passage 2
The word “university” comes from the Latin word “universitas”, meaning “the whole”.
Later, in Latin legal language, “universitas” meant a society or corporation. In the Middle
Ages, the word meant “ an association of teachers and scholars”. The origins of
universities can be traced back to the 12th to14th centuries. In the early 12th century,
long before universities were organized in the modern sense, students gathered together
for higher studies at certain centers of learning. The earliest centers in the Europe were at
Bolonia in Italy, founded in 1088. Other early centers were set up in France, the Czech
Republic, Austria and Germany from 1150 to 1386. The first universities in Britain were
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